Systemic inflammatory response

Question 1

The systemic inflammatory response is triggered in patients on CPB due to what 4 factors listed in this article? (1/2 point each)

Answer 1

Surgical trauma, activation of blood components in the extracorporeal circuit, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and endotoxin release.

Question 2

2) What approaches have been adopted to limit the inflammatory response to CPB? List 3.

Answer 2

Modifications to CPB equipment such as filters to remove inflammatory leukocytes or soluble mediators, minimized circuits to reduce surface area, biocompatible surfaces.

Question 3

3) To be included the paper the trials had to measure at least one ____ or used an established anti-inflammatory strategy and measured at least one prespecified ____. (1 point)

Answer 3

• anti-inflammitory strategy

* clinical outcome

Question 4

4) What is the most widely studied biocompatible coating for CPB circuits

Answer 4

Heparin

Question 5

5) List the 3 different methods of delivering nitric oxide this study reviewed. (1/2 point each)

Answer 5

Direct inhalation of NO gas, infusion of sodium nitroprusside (NO donor), and L-arginine (NO substrate)

Question 6

6) What was the most widely studies intervention? (1 point)

Answer 6

Steroid use

Question 7

7) True or False: Leukocyte depleting filters and zero balance ultrafiltration DID NOT have significant clinical benefits. (1 point)

Answer 7

True

Question 8

8) The study found that 97% of papers with a clinical benefit achieved suppression of at least one _______.

Answer 8

Inflammatory marker