Systemic Diseases Flashcards
What are the two main diseases of COPD?
Chronic bronchitis and Emphysema
Excessive tracheobronchial mucus production sufficient to
cause a chronic cough with sputum production for at least 3 months in at least 2 consecutive years
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
Presence of permanent enlargement of the air
spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles
accompanied by destruction of alveolar walls or
septa without obvious fibrosis.
Emphysema
Low-flow oxygen only
They depend on
elevated arterial CO2 levels to stimulate breathing
COPD Monitor of Patients
End stage of many CV diseases.
Not an actual diagnosis.
Congestive Heart Failues
► Fatigue and weakness ► Ankle swelling ► Edema ► Clubbing of the digits ► Syncope (fainting) ► Angina ► Breathing difficulties ► Increased urination at night
CHF signs and Symptoms
What are some respiratory concerns of CHF
► Dyspnea
► Orthopnea
► Sleep apnea
► “How many pillows
do you sleep on?”
► Under the head
► >2 pillows = caution
ask if a rubber dam will be an issue.
COPD Emphsyema and bronchitis
______ is a disorder of cognition that consequently
interferes with the daily functions and results in a loss of independence.
Dementia
Average lifespan after Dx for dementia patient
8 years
SMALL ENDOCRINE GLANDS LOCATED BILATERALLY AT THE SUPERIOR POLE OF EACH KIDNEY.
adrenal glands
________ _________ FUNCTIONS AS A SYMPATHETIC
GANGLION AND SECRETES CATECHOLAMINES, PRIMARILY EPINEPHRINE
ADRENAL MEDULLA
_______ _______ SECRETES SEVERAL STEROID
HORMONES.
ADRENALL CORTEX
________ ______ _______ IS CAUSED BY PROGRESSIVE DESTRUCTION OF THE
ADRENAL CORTEX, USUALLY DUE TO :
►AUTIOIMMUNE DISEASE
►CHRONIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE (TB, HIV,
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS,& FUNGAL INFECTIONS)
PRIMARY ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY (ADDISON’S DISEASE)
____ ____ ____ CAUSED BY PITUITARY DISEASE OR CRITICAL ILLNESS
SECONDAY ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY
____ ____ ____ CAUSED BY PROCESSES THAT IMPAIR FUNCTION OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS.
► MOST COMMON CAUSE-CHRONIC USE OF CORTICOSTEROIDS
TERTIARY ADREANL INSUFFICIENCY
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF ADRENAL INSFUFFICIENCY?
►TIRED-FATIGUE ► WEAK ► ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION ► POOR HEALING ► ANXIETY, INABILITY TO TOLERATE STRESS ► INCREASED INFECTIONS
WHAT ARE SOME HEALTH COMPLICATIONS DUE TO ADRENAL INSUFFIECIENCY?
► Poor healing
► Increased infections
► Inability to tolerate stress
WHAT ARE SOME SIGNS OF ALCOHOL ABUSE?
ENLARGEMENT OF THE PAROTID GLANDS AND SPIDER ANGIOMAS.
ADVERSE AFFECTS OF ALCOHOL
► LIVER AND BONE MARROW DAMAGE ► CIRRHOSIS ► VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY ► REDUCED EFFECT OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS AND BENZODIAZEPINES ► NUTRITIONAL DIFICIENCIES ► CANDIDAL INFECTIONS
_____ AND _______ LEAD TO AN INCREASE RISK IN ORAL CANCER.
DRINKING AND SMOKING
XEROSTOMIA, RAMPANT CARIES, BRUXISM AND MUSCLE TRISMUS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WHICH ILLEGAL DRUG CONSUMPTION?
METH
GINGIVAL RECESSION AND EROSION OF FACIAL ASPECTS IS ASSOCIATED WITH WHICH ILLEGAL DRUG CONSUMPTION?
COCAINE
REDUCTION IN THE OXYGEN CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE
BLOOD
► DECREASE NUMBER OF CIRCULATING RBC’s
►AN ABNORMALITY IN THE HEMOGLOBIN(Hb)
CONTAINED WITHIN THE RBC’s
ANEMIA
WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON BLOOD CONDITION IN THE US?
ANEMIA
►IRON DEFCIENCY ►FOLATE DEFCIENCY ►HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA ►SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
TYPES OF ANEMIA
► Pale (= pallor) ► Fatigue ► Low blood pressure ► SOB ► Rapid heart rate
► Smooth, burning red tongue
► Bleeding gums
► Delayed healing, increased infections
AFFECTS OF ANEMIA
Craving and chewing ice associated with
iron deficiency, with or without anemia.
PAGOPHAGIA
SEVERE RESTRICTION OF FOOD INTAKE, LEADING TO WEIGHT LOSS AND THE MEDICAL SEQUELAE OF STARVATION.
ANOREXIA NERVOSA
RESTRICTION OF FOOD BY BINGE EATING FOLLOWED BY VARIOUS METHODS OF TRYING TO RID THE FOOD.(VOMITING,LAXATIVES,DIURETICS)
BULIMIA NERVOSA
When is the onset of anorexia most commonly seen?
14-18 years
When is the onset of Bulimia most commonly seen?
20 years
► Hair thin and brittle ► Neck / facial swelling ► Fainting ► Irritable ► Low b.p. ► Anemia ► Osteoporosis ► Amenorrhea
Common signs of Anorexia Nervosa
► Amalgam restorations are higher than surrounding enamel.
Bulimia Nervosa
► MEASURES HOW QUICKLY YOUR BLOOD CLOTS
PROTHROBIN TIME TEST (PT OR PRO TIME TEST)
IF YOU TAKE BLOOD-THINNING MEDICATION YOUR PT TEST WILL BE EXPRESSED AS A RATIO (INR)
Standardized measure
► 2.0 = takes about twice as long to clot
► On blood thinner (Coumadin, Heparin) = 2.0 – 3.0
INR (International Normalized Ratio)
Head and Neck radiation therapy can cause:
► Xerostomia
► Mucosal irritation
► Cervical caries
Gingival hyperplasia is a common side effect of ______ treatment
epilepsy
Medication history
includes
►Rx
►OTC
►Herbal, natural, and alternative
All of these cause which condition?
► Antidepressants ► Antihypertensives ► Decongestants ► Sedatives ► Antihistamines (Benadryl, Sudafed,Tylenol PM, etc)
Xerostomia
► Itching ► Hives ► Rash ► Swelling ► Wheezing
True Allergies
► Nausea
► Vomiting
► Palpitations
Drug Intolerance
Do not use drugs in this case. It is not a true allergy
