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Patient Care Exam 3 > Dental Caries > Flashcards

Dental Caries Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pH threshold at which caries are most common?

A

5.5

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2
Q

T/F : Minimal demineralization can be overcome by remineralization.

A

True

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3
Q

T/F A cavity forms from the excessive loss of mineral that exposes and disintergrates the soft organic matrix of enamel.

A

True.

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4
Q

T/F: It is more accurate to consider caries as caused, not by an infectious agent, but by a shift in oral microflora to caries-causing bacterial types in response to a shift to an acidic pH caused by metabolism of sugars.

A

True

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5
Q

What are the stages of plaque development?

A
  1. Pellicle Formation
  2. bacteria undergo the initial attachment to the pellicle.
  3. Irreversible attachment of other bacteria
  4. Early maturation (plaque build up causes anaerobic zones.
  5. Late maturation (3d layer of plaque is formed.)
  6. Dispersion: spreading
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6
Q

What factors play an essential role in caries development?

A

food substrate
oral bacteria
time

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7
Q

Which of the following represents the physical role of saliva?

A

Cleanses the oral cavity

Dilutes and removes organic acids from dental plaque.

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8
Q

Which of the following act as pH neutralizing agents in saliva?

A

Sodium bicarbonate, phosphates, and sialin

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9
Q

The increase of which of the following results from an exposure to cariogenic bacteria?

A

immunoglobulins

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10
Q

The _______ __ is the pH at which saliva and plaque fluid cease to be saturated with calcium and phosphate, thereby permitting the hydroxyapatite in dental enamel to dissolve.

A

Critical pH

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11
Q

What is the critical pH for Enamel?

A

5.5

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12
Q

What is the critical pH for dentin?

A

6.2

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13
Q

Why does snacking more often increase caries risk?

A

Because increasing the frequency of sugar intake extends the duration of acid production and exposure.

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14
Q

What explains the phenomenon that eating five sweets in succession is better than having just one?

A

The levels of sucrose may be toxic to bacteria and there may be a greater salivary stimulatory effect.

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15
Q

Once exposed to fermentable carbohydrates, how long does it take on average for plaque pH to reach its minimum?

A

5-10 minutes

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16
Q

After exposure to fermentable carbohydrates, how long does it take on average for pH levels to return to its starting value?

A

30-60 minutes

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17
Q

Odontoblasts are associated with which tooth material

A

dentin

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18
Q

oral dysbiosis

A

Ecological shift in the oral microbiome that leads to the development of pathogenic biofilms

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19
Q

What are the four major factors for developing dental caries

A

host
fementable carbohydrtates
Cariogenic biofilm
time

20
Q

what is happening to the enamel when the biofilm environment is in equilibrium

A

remineralization and demineralization are occurring at the same rate.

21
Q

cavities follow what pathway to the dentin and the pulp?

A

The enamel rods? and the dentinotubules

22
Q

ICDAS 0

E0 or R0

A

there is no carious lesions

23
Q

ICDAS 1

A

Sound tooth structure:

Initial Lesion : WHITE SPOT LESIONS

EARLIEST DETECTABLE LESIONS.

These lesions are limited to the enamel.

24
Q

ICDAS 2

A

Initial lesion: yellowish tint to the lesion. grows deeper in the enamel and into the first 1/3 of the dentin. The enamel has began to lost its shine.

25
Q

ICDAS 3 and 4

A

Moderate

Visible sign of enamel breakdown, and or the dentin is moderately demineralized

rough surface, no shine.

radiolucency has travellled into the middle 1/3 of dentin.

26
Q

ICDAS 5 and 6

A

Enamel is fully cavitated and dentin is exposed. dentin lesion is deeply/ severely cavitated.

radiolucency extends into the lower 1/3 of dentin.

27
Q

E1/RA1, E2/RA2 AND E3/RA3 are associated with what ICDAS level

A

Initial which is icdas 1 and 2

28
Q

D2 and RB4 are associated with which ICDAS level?

A

3 and 4

29
Q

D2 OR RC5 is associated with which ICDAS level?

A

5 and 6 `

30
Q
  • Not in plaque stagnation area
  • No thick/sticky plaque
  • Shiny/brown-black
  • Feels smooth, hard (enamel & dentin)
  • No gingival inflammation
A

Inactive/ arrested lesion

31
Q
  • Located in “protected site”
  • Under thick/sticky plaque • Appears matte/opaque/white-yellow
  • Feels rough (enamel), soft (dentin)
  • Inflammation of gingiva
A

Active lesion

32
Q

LOOK AT SLIDES of pictures of caries lesions

A

`

33
Q

Secondary prevention

A

remineralize
arrest
sealant

34
Q

tertiary prevention

A

minimal surgical
traditional surgical
endodontic treatment
extraction

35
Q

ICADS1 treatmetn

A

remineralization

36
Q

ICADS 2 treatment

A

arrest

37
Q

ICADS 3 treatment

A

sealant

38
Q

ICADS 4 treatment

A

minimal surgical

39
Q

ICADS 5 treatment

A

traditional surgical

40
Q

ICADS 6 treatment

A

endodontic treatment

41
Q

The majority of fluoride ingested in water or food is absorbed in which body organ(s)?

A

stomach and small intestine

42
Q

Fluoride incorporates into the enamel structure as ___________

A

fluorapatite

43
Q

What is the main mechanism by which fluoride protects the tooth from caries?

A

Reduced demineralization and enhanced remineralization.

44
Q

Chalky white lines or stains are believed to be caused by which of the following?

A

an abnormally high concentration of fluoride that leads to hypomineralization of tooth enamel.

45
Q

What is the average percentage in caries reduction among children where community drinking water contains 1 ppm fluoride

A

50%

46
Q

Which of the following types of fluoride should be recommended with caution due to the potential for it to cause pitting and etching of porcelain or composite restorations?

A

acidulate phosphate fluoride

Patient Care Exam 3 (3 decks)

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