Systemic DIsease Flashcards
Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy
Chronic hyperglycaemia > glycosylation of basement membrane > loss of pericytes (line capillaries) > microaneurysm (leakage + ischaemia)
Signs of non-prolifertaive retinopathy
- Microaneurysms
- hard exudate
- cotton wool patches
- abnormalities of venous calibre
- intra-retinal microvascular abnormalities
NVD =
new vessels on disc
NVE =
new vessels in the periphery
vessels grow on iris =
rubeosis iridis
How diabetic patients lose sight:
- retinal oedema affecting fovea
- vireous haemorrahge
- scarring/ tractional retinal detachment
Management of retionapthy
- medical management
- Laser
- surgery - vitrectomy
- rehab
Features of HT retinopathy:
- Attenuated blood vessels (copper or silver wiring)
- cotton wool spots
- hard exudates
- retinal haemorrhage
- optic disc oedema
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion =
sudden painless loss of vision
profound loss of vision
rarely recovers
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion =
Sudden painless visual loss
range of visual loss
ischaemia correlates to degree of reduced vision and fundal appearances
Branch vein occlusion =
Painless disturbance in vision
can be asymptomatic
may be aware of loss of part of field
Inflammatory Disease
Sarcoidosis
Giant Cell Arteritis
Thyroid Eye Disease
Gaint cell arteritis =
inflammation of middle sixed vessels (headache, malaise, jaw claudication, blinding condition)
Thyroid Eye Disease =
Proptosis (uni + bilateral)
Retracted lids and oedema
Connective Tissue disease =
SLE
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Marfans
