systemic bone diseases Flashcards
Systemic bone disease, also known asmetabolic bone disease, refers to a ___________ group of disorders affecting the skeletal system.
heterogeneous
most common metabolic bone disease, low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration
osteoporosis
The most important sequelae of osteoporosis is a _____ fracture.
fragility
_______ fracture is as a fracture that occurs when falling from equal to or less than standing height.
fragility
the stage immediately before osteoporosis
osteopenia
1 in __ women and 1 in __ men over the age of 50 will have a fragility fracture (osteoporotic fracture).
2, 4
3 most common sites for osteoporotic fractures
spine, wrist, hip
“Senile” osteoporosis results from
old age
remove bone:
build bone:
remove bone: osteoclasts
build bone: osteoblasts
Primary osteoporosis: most common, due to both ____ and declining ______levels.
age + hormone
Age related is known as senile or type ___ osteoporosis
type II
Osteoporosis from declining hormone levels is known as postmenopausal or ____ osteoporosis.
type I
Men are less likely to be screened and treated appropriately for osteoporosis
True or false
True
Gold standard for diagnosis of osteoporosis before a fragility fracture
DEXA
dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
______hump may result from spontaneous compression fracture in postmenopausal woman in the thoracic spine
dowager’s hump
No evidence that high-intensity exercise, such as running, is superior to low-intensity exercise, such as walking in preventing osteoporosis.
True or False
True
weekly exercise requirement to prevent osteoporosis
30 mins/3 days
mineral and vitamin vital to bone mineral density
calcium + vitamin D
a small tube is inserted into the collapsed vertebra. A balloon is passed through the tube and is inflated to restore height to the vertebra. Cement is then injected into the vertebral body to maintain the height of the vertebra.
kyphoplasty
similar procedure in which the cement is injected, but a balloon is not initially used to expand the vertebra.
Vertebroplasty
most important hormone regulating bone mineral density
parathyroid hormone
occurs when one or several cells in the parathyroid gland lose their ability to be regulated, developing autonomous excessive release of PTH.
primary hyperparathyroidism
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the most common cause of ____calcemia
hypercalcemia
Osteitis deformans AKA
Paget’s disease
most common symptom of Paget’s disease
bone pain
Disproportionate number of osteoclasts compared with osteoblasts is the key feature of this disease
Paget’s
these motions/exercises are contraindicated for older adults who have a kyphotic posture because they increase the risk for anterior vertebral compression fracture
flexion, rotation, side bending
female athlete triad
low BMD
low energy availability/disordered eating
menstrual dysfunction
Can be used to check for depression in patients with metabolic bone disease
Beck depression inventory
Outcome measure used to measure posture
REEDCO posture score
key components of osteoporosis exercise programs
intensity to stress the bone
specific to a location
don’t assume posture is fixed
2 main types of exercises that people with osteoporosis should perform
resistance + balance
Recommended that individuals with osteoporosis do not engage in aerobic exercise to the exclusion of resistance or balance training.
True or False
True
Exercise intervention in older adults with osteoporosis may not increase BMD, but it can slow age-related loss of BMD
True or False
True
Flexion exercises are ___________ in adults with osteoporosis and a low BMD score
contraindicated
most critical muscle group to address in patients with osteoporosis
back extensors
Osteoporosis is a childhood disease that does not manifest until old age
True or False
true
Postmenopausal women have decreased BMD often because this hormone is decreased and regulates osteoclasts and osteoblasts
estrogen
4 bone remodeling phases
Activation of osteoclasts
Resorption - microtrenches
Reversal - osteoblasts stimulated
Formation - new bone
