Systematics

Question 1

Systematics

Answer 1

Name changes (with new info)
Relationships
Threatened and endangered populations
Sources for reintroduction and translocation

Question 2

Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 2

Carolus Linneas (1735)
Genus species <i>
Official common name
Modified nouns are hyphenated </i>

Question 3

Monophyletic

Answer 3

Single common ancestor

Question 4

All modern birds are in the subclass

Answer 4

Neornithines

Question 5

All birds except Ratites (ostriches) are in super order

Answer 5

Neognathae (new pallet)

Question 6

Birds used to be grouped by

Answer 6

Morphology
Beak, feet, color, etc

Problems- lots of convergence

Question 7

Now birds are grouped by

Answer 7

Genetics

Question 8

Phylogenetic Methods

Answer 8

Biochemical (mtDNA, DNA sequencing)

Cladistics (cladogram showing derived characteristics)

Question 9

Goal of phylogeny is to

Answer 9

Construct a tree of evolutionary relationships among birds

Question 10

Parsimony

Answer 10

Simplest explanation with fewest evolutionary steps

Question 11

Genetic Distance

Answer 11

Group species according to similarities

Question 12

Analogies

Answer 12

Similarities due to convergence

Question 13

Homologies

Answer 13

Similarities due to common ancestor- primitive and derived traits

Question 14

Shared derived traits

Answer 14

Not ancestral traits, changes in common in a group

Question 15

Tree of life project started in

Answer 15

1994

Summarized all current phylogenetic work

Question 16

Bird genome

Answer 16

Small, few repeated elements, highly conserved

Question 17

Why is it hard to resolve orders

Answer 17

Rapid diversification 66-50mya

Question 18

Biological Species

Answer 18

A group of interbreeding populations isolated from other groups

Question 19

Phylogenetic Species

Answer 19

A single lineage of ancestor dependent populations which maintain identity from other lineages
(most species)

Question 20

Cline

Answer 20

Gradual geographic change

Question 21

Allopatric Speciation

Answer 21

Physical barriers

Question 22

Parapatric Speciation

Answer 22

Adjacent

Question 23

Sympatric Speciation

Answer 23

In the same area