Systematic Carbon Chemistry Flashcards
What compounds are classed as saturated?
Compounds containing only single carbon-carbon bonds are described as saturated.
What compounds are classed as unsaturated?
Compounds containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond are described as unsaturated.
What compounds can undergo addition reactions?
Compounds containing carbon-carbon double bonds can take part in addition reactions.
What happens in an addition reaction?
In an addition reaction, two molecules combine to form a single molecule.
How can you distinguish an unsaturated compound from a saturated compound?
You can distinguish an unsaturated compound from a saturated compound using bromine solution. Unsaturated compounds quickly decolourise bromine solution.
What are isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae. They may belong to a different homologous series and usually have different physical properties.
How does the number of hydrogen bonds affect melting and boiling point as well as viscosity?
If a molecule has O-H or N-H bonds, it has hydrogen bonding. If the number of these types of bonds increases then the number of hydrogen bonds increases. This will result in a higher melting and boiling point and the substance will be more viscous.
What molecule has dipole-dipole interactions and how does that affect melting and boiling point as well as the viscosity? How does this compare with other bonds (hydrogen bonding, London dispersion forces)
If a molecule is polar covalent then it will have permanent dipole-dipole interactions. This will result in a higher melting and boiling point, and increase in viscosity compared to a molecule that has only London Dispersion Forces. It will still have a lower melting and boiling point, and not be as viscous as a molecule with hydrogen bonding.
How does London Dispersion Forces affect melting and boiling point as well as the viscosity? How does the size of the molecule affect the strength of the London dispersion forces?
Molecules with only London Dispersion Forces tend to have low melting and boiling points and be more viscous compared to smaller molecules. This is due to the increase in atoms which in turn increases the number of London Dispersion Forces.
What is soluble in polar and non-polar solvents?
Ionic compounds and polar molecular compounds are soluble in polar solvents such as water, and insoluble in non-polar substances. Non-polar substances tend to be soluble in non-polar solvents.
How do bonds affect volatility?
If a substance has only London Dispersion Forces, the more London Dispersion Forces it has, the higher the volatility. Polar covalent substances will have a higher volatility than pure London Dispersion Forces as they have stronger intermolecular forces in the form of permanent dipole- permanent dipole interactions. Molecules that have hydrogen bonding will have a higher volatility than standard polar molecules as hydrogen bonding is the strongest intermolecular forces.
