Systematic Carbon Chemistry

Question 1

What does saturated mean?

Answer 1

Saturated compounds only contain C-C single bonds.

Question 2

What does unsaturated mean?

Answer 2

Unsaturated compounds contain at least one C=C double bond.

Question 3

Describe three addition reactions

Answer 3

1. Hydrogenation - reaction between an alkene and H2 forming an alkane.
2. Hydration - reaction between an alkene and water forming an alcohol.
3. Alkenes reacting with halogens forming dihaloalkanes.

Question 4

Describe the test to distinguish between saturated and unsaturated compounds

Answer 4

If a compound is unsaturated it will decolourise bromine water.

Question 5

What are isomers?

Answer 5

Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.

Question 6

Predict the solubility, volatility and boiling point of a compound

Answer 6

1. The bigger the compound, the less soluble they are, the higher the boiling point and the lower the volatility.
2. Polar and ionic compounds tend to be soluble in polar solvents.
3. Boiling point increases as the compounds increase in size due to stronger LDFs.
4. Volatility is affected by intermolecular forces present.