Systematic Carbon Chemistry Flashcards
What is a homologous series?
A family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical compounds.
What are alkanes?
Saturated hydrocarbons
What are alkanes commonly used as?
Fuel
Are alkanes soluble in water?
No
What is the general formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What are cycloalkanes?
Saturated cyclic hydrocarbons
What are cycloalkanes used as?
Fuels and solvents
Are cycloalkanes soluble in water?
No
What is the general formula for cycloalkanes?
CnH2n
What are alkenes?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
What are alkenes used to make?
Fuels and solvents
What is the functional group on alkenes?
C=C double bond functional group
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
How do alkenes form alkanes?
Alkenes undergo an addition reaction with hydrogen to form alkanes - this is called hydrogenation.
How do alkenes form dihaloalkanes?
Alkenes undergo addition reactions with halogens to form dihaloalkanes.
How do alkenes form alcohols?
Alkenes undergo addition reactions with water to form alcohol - this is called hydration.
What is a saturated compound?
A compound with only single carbon-carbon bonds.
What is an unsaturated compound?
A compound containing C=C, double carbon=carbon bonds.
What type of compounds can undergo addition reactions?
Unsaturated compounds
What is an addition reaction?
Two molecules combine to form a single molecule.
How do you use bromine solution to test for saturation?
Unsaturated compounds decolourise bromine solution whereas saturated compounds do not - as unsaturated compounds undergo an addition reaction with bromine.
