Proteins and Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

Why are proteins needed in our diet?

A

For growth and repair of body tissue - for example hair, nails and muscle.

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2
Q

What are proteins responsible for?

A

MAINTENANCE AND REGULATION OF LIFE PROCESSES.

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3
Q

What are proteins?

A

Natural condensation polymers made up of amino acids.

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4
Q

Name the two functional groups in an amino acid.

A

Amino group -NH2, and a carboxyl group -COOH.

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5
Q

How many amino acids are needed by the body to make proteins?

A

20

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6
Q

Where does the body get the amino acids that it cannot make? - And what are these called?

A

The body gets the essential amino acids from food.

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7
Q

When amino acids join to form a protein, what else is also produced?

A

H20

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8
Q

What is the link formed between amino acids?

A

Peptide (or amide) link -CONH.

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9
Q

What is responsible for many of the chemical reactions that take place in our body?

A

Enzymes

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10
Q

What are most enzymes?

A

Proteins

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11
Q

Why are enzymes described as biological catalysts?

A

They speed up biochemical reactions, as well as the digestion of dietary proteins. Enzymes catalyse the breakdown of chemicals found in food.

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12
Q

What do these enzymes break down?:
Amylase
Pepsin and trypsins
Lipases

A

Carbohydrate
Protein
Fats

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13
Q

What happens when dietary protein is hydrolysed in the body? - Where does this take place?

A

Amino acids are formed. The hydrolysis takes place at the peptide link.

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14
Q

What is essential for protein formation?

A

Nitrogen

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15
Q

What is a major structural material in animal tissue?

A

Protein

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16
Q

What is the structure of a protein based on?

A

The constituent amino acids.

17
Q

How are proteins made?

A

Amino acids are linked together by condensation reactions.

18
Q

How are condensation polymers formed?

A

From monomers with two functional groups per molecule.

19
Q

How are amino acids condensed together?

A

The amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group on a neighbouring amino acid join together, with the elimination of water.

20
Q

What can be used to identify amino acids?

A

Chromatography