System Review: RENAL Flashcards

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1
Q

Potter Sequence causes

A

bilateral renal agenesis
posterior urethral valve
PCKD (recessive)

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2
Q

Horseshoe Kidney (assosiations and anatomy)

A

Turner syndrome

Trapped under the inferior mesenteric artery

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3
Q

Which renal artery gives rise to a testicular artery?

A

Right Renal artery

Right to the testis

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4
Q

Normal GFR?

creatinine calculation off by?

A

Normal 100

creatinine is actively secreted by the proximal tubules, so uncorrected creatinine clearance overestimates the GFR

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5
Q

how to calculate renal plasma flow?

A

PAH clearance

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6
Q

renal blood flow equation

A

RBF= RPF/(1-hematocrit)

20-25% of cardiac output in healthy individual

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7
Q

Filtration fraction equation

normal value

A

GFR/ Renal Plasma Flow

20

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8
Q

Changes in GFR, RPF and FF with afferent arteriole constriction

A

decreases GFR
decreases RPF
Unchanged filtration fraction

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9
Q

What dilates afferent arteriole? constricts?

A

Constriction: NSAIDs
Dilation: Prostaglandins

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10
Q

What dilates the efferent arteriole? constriction?

A

Constriction: angiotensin II
Dilation: ACE inhibitors

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11
Q

Changes in GFR, RFP, and FF with afferent arteriole constriction

A

increased GFR
decreased RPF
increased FF

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12
Q

Changes in GFR, RFP and FF with dehydration

A

decrease GFR
severe decrease RPF
increase FF

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13
Q

changes in GFR, RFP and FF with ureter constriction?

A

decrease GFR
no change RPF
decrease FF

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14
Q

PTH effect on the proximal convoluted tubule

A

PTH block the Na+/ phosphorous cotransporter
increases phosphorous excretion
increases conversion of Vit D by 1 alpha hydroxylase

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15
Q

PTH effect on distal convoluted tubule

A

PTH increases Ca2+/ Na+ exchange which increases Ca2+ reabsorption.

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16
Q

Angiotensin II effect on proximalCT

A

Angio II stimulates Na+K+ pump

increases NA, Bicarb, Hydrogen reabsorption

17
Q

What is the mechanism of reabsorption in the thick ascending loop of Henle?

A

Na+/K+CL- co transporter reabsorption

Potassium back leak: reabsorption of Ca2+ and Mg+

18
Q

What receptor for ADH work on?

A

V2 receptor of the collecting tubule.

causes insertion of aquaporins on apical side

19
Q

6 functions of angiotensin II

A
  1. Aldosterone synthesis
  2. Sodium (stimulates Na+/H+ exchange on PCT)
  3. Constriction efferent arteriole)
  4. Vasoconstriction: Increases Blood Pressure
  5. Stimulates ADH release
  6. Increases Thirst
20
Q

What is the function of ANP and BNP? what conditions is it found in?

A

Inhibit RAAS= increase cGMP and GFR
dilates afferent arteriole

found in CHF (overstretch of the atria and ventricles respectively)

21
Q

Renin is released by what cells? works on what receptor?

A

JG cells

beta 1 receptor

22
Q

EPO is released by?

A

peritubular capillary bed

23
Q

What is the metabolism of Vit D in the kidney?

A

calcidiol —(1a hydroxylsase)–> calcitriol

increases Ca2+ absorption in the small bowel

24
Q

What disease mimic the physiology of Vit D metabolism. in the kidney?

A

Sarcoidosis

granuloma (macrophage) realizes 1 a hydroxylase