System Review: RENAL Flashcards
Potter Sequence causes
bilateral renal agenesis
posterior urethral valve
PCKD (recessive)
Horseshoe Kidney (assosiations and anatomy)
Turner syndrome
Trapped under the inferior mesenteric artery
Which renal artery gives rise to a testicular artery?
Right Renal artery
Right to the testis
Normal GFR?
creatinine calculation off by?
Normal 100
creatinine is actively secreted by the proximal tubules, so uncorrected creatinine clearance overestimates the GFR
how to calculate renal plasma flow?
PAH clearance
renal blood flow equation
RBF= RPF/(1-hematocrit)
20-25% of cardiac output in healthy individual
Filtration fraction equation
normal value
GFR/ Renal Plasma Flow
20
Changes in GFR, RPF and FF with afferent arteriole constriction
decreases GFR
decreases RPF
Unchanged filtration fraction
What dilates afferent arteriole? constricts?
Constriction: NSAIDs
Dilation: Prostaglandins
What dilates the efferent arteriole? constriction?
Constriction: angiotensin II
Dilation: ACE inhibitors
Changes in GFR, RFP, and FF with afferent arteriole constriction
increased GFR
decreased RPF
increased FF
Changes in GFR, RFP and FF with dehydration
decrease GFR
severe decrease RPF
increase FF
changes in GFR, RFP and FF with ureter constriction?
decrease GFR
no change RPF
decrease FF
PTH effect on the proximal convoluted tubule
PTH block the Na+/ phosphorous cotransporter
increases phosphorous excretion
increases conversion of Vit D by 1 alpha hydroxylase
PTH effect on distal convoluted tubule
PTH increases Ca2+/ Na+ exchange which increases Ca2+ reabsorption.
Angiotensin II effect on proximalCT
Angio II stimulates Na+K+ pump
increases NA, Bicarb, Hydrogen reabsorption
What is the mechanism of reabsorption in the thick ascending loop of Henle?
Na+/K+CL- co transporter reabsorption
Potassium back leak: reabsorption of Ca2+ and Mg+
What receptor for ADH work on?
V2 receptor of the collecting tubule.
causes insertion of aquaporins on apical side
6 functions of angiotensin II
- Aldosterone synthesis
- Sodium (stimulates Na+/H+ exchange on PCT)
- Constriction efferent arteriole)
- Vasoconstriction: Increases Blood Pressure
- Stimulates ADH release
- Increases Thirst
What is the function of ANP and BNP? what conditions is it found in?
Inhibit RAAS= increase cGMP and GFR
dilates afferent arteriole
found in CHF (overstretch of the atria and ventricles respectively)
Renin is released by what cells? works on what receptor?
JG cells
beta 1 receptor
EPO is released by?
peritubular capillary bed
What is the metabolism of Vit D in the kidney?
calcidiol —(1a hydroxylsase)–> calcitriol
increases Ca2+ absorption in the small bowel
What disease mimic the physiology of Vit D metabolism. in the kidney?
Sarcoidosis
granuloma (macrophage) realizes 1 a hydroxylase