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USMLE step 1 Rapid Review > Cytokines and Immunology > Flashcards

Cytokines and Immunology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What cytokines are strong Pro Inflammatory?

A

IL- 1, 2, 6, 12, 17, 23
INF- a, b, y
TNF- a, b

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2
Q

What cytokines are weak Pro inflammatory?

A

IL- 4 and 5

IL- 10 (when acting on B cells)

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3
Q

What cytokines are Anti inflammatory?

A

IL-10 (when acting on CD4)

TGF- b

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4
Q

What cytokines are important for growth or differentiation?

A

GM- CSF (colony stimulating factor)
M-CSF
IL- 2, 3, 7

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5
Q

What are important chemotactic agents?

A

IL- 8, 17
CXCL 8 (gene for IL-8)
C5a

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6
Q

What cytokines are produced by B cells?

A

IL- 6

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7
Q

What cytokines are produced by Natural Killer cells (NK)?

A

IFN- y

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8
Q

What cytokines are produced by cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)?

A

IFN-y

TNF-a

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9
Q

What cytokines are produced by Th1 helper T cells (CD4+ Th1)?

A

INF-y
TNF-b
IL- 2
CXCL12

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10
Q

What cytokines are produced by Th2 helper T cells (CD4+ Th2)?

A

IL-4, 5, 10

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11
Q

What cytokines are produced by Th17 helper T cells (CD4+ Th17)?

A

IL- 17
TNF- a
IL-6

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12
Q

What cytokines are produced by Th0 helper T cells (CD4+ Th0)?

A

IL-2, 4

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13
Q

What cytokines are produced by T-regulatory T cells (CD4+ Treg)?

A

IL-10

TGF-b

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14
Q

What cytokines are produced by IL-8/CXCL8?

A

Fibroblasts
Neutrophils
Macrophages

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15
Q

What cytokines are produced by macrophages?

A

IL- 1b, 6, 8, 12, 23
CXCL8
TNF-a

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16
Q

What cytokines are produced by dendritic cells (DC)?

A

IL- 1b, 6, 12, 23

TNF-a

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17
Q

Which cells produce INF-a or b?

A

any virally infected cell in the body

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18
Q

What is the function of INF a/b?

A

Promote antiviral state
Activate NK cells
enhance Cell Mediated Immunity

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19
Q

What cells does IL-1b target?

A 
T cells
B cells
PMNs (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
CNS- hypothalamus
Liver
20
Q

What is the function of IL-1b?

A

Promote inflammatory response
acute phase response
fever (cns)
increase fat and muscle metabolisms (liver)

21
Q

What cells does TNF-a target?

A 
Macrophages 
T cells
NK cells
CNS- hypothalamus
Liver
22
Q

What is the function of TNFa?

A
  • Acute phase response
  • inflammation
  • fever (cns)
  • wasting/ cachexia (excess induction of fat and muscle metabolism via liver)
  • Activated macrophages secret TNF-α, which promotes maintenance of the granuloma.
23
Q

What cells does IL-6 target?

A

T cells
B cells
hepatocytes

24
Q

What is the function of IL-6?

A

Stimulation of hepatocytes for acute phase reactants (C reactive protein, manose binding leptin)
T and B cell growth
Fever

25
Q

What cells does IFN-y target?

A

Macrophages
DC
T cells
B cells

26
Q

What is the function of IFN-y?

A
  • activate macrophages
  • promote IgG class switching
  • promote TH1
  • inhibit Th2
27
Q

What is the effect of IFN-y on macrophages?

A

Activates macrophage to produce IL-12, 23.

Or tnf-a

28
Q

What cells does IL- 12/ 23 target?

A 
NK cells 
CD4 Th1 (12)
CD4 Th17 (23)
29
Q

What is the function of IL-12/23

A
  • Help in the differentiation of CD4 into TH1/17
  • Promote NK cell mediated killing
  • Activate T cell IFN-y or IL-17 production
30
Q

What cells does IL-17 target?

A

Epithelium
Endothelium
Neutrophils
Fibroblasts

31
Q

What is the function of IL-17

A
  • recruitment of neutrophils!!!
  • inflammation

maintains innate immune active even after adaptive has kicked in

32
Q

What cells does TNF-b target

A
  • PMNs (eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils)

- Tumor Cells

33
Q

What is the function of TNF-b?

A
  • kill tumors
  • activate PMNs
  • activate endothelium allowing trafficking
34
Q

Another name for TNF-b

A

lymphotoxin

35
Q

What cells does IL-2 target?

A

Lymphocytes

36
Q

What is the function of IL-2?

A

-lymphocyte proliferation

37
Q

What cells does IL-4 target?

A

B and T cells

38
Q

What is the function of IL-4/5?

A
  • T and B cell growth and differentiation
  • proliferation of mast cells, basophils and eosinophils (4,4,5)
  • IgG, IgE, IgA(4,4,5) production
  • Th2 response
  • Allergic responses
39
Q

What cells does IL-5 target?

A

B cells

Eosinophils (helminth infections)

40
Q

What cells does IL-10 target?

A

B cells

CD4 Th1/17

41
Q

What is the function of IL-10?

A

weak pro inflammatory: promote B cell growth.

anti-inflammatory: inhibit Th1 and Th17 responses

42
Q

What cells does TGF-b target?

A

B cells
T cells
Macrophages
DCs

43
Q

What is the function of TGF-b?

A
  • Immunosuppression of all immune responses
  • promote oral tolerance
  • wound healing
44
Q

What cells do CSF, IL-3, and IL-7 target?

A

Bone marrow progenitor cells
stem cells
precursor cells

45
Q

What is the function of CSF and IL-3?

A
  • hematopoiesis

- directed growth and differentiation of monocytes and granulocytes

46
Q

What is the function of IL-7?

A

-growth of pre-B cells, T-cells, and NK cells

absolutely required for the growth of B and T cells

47
Q

What cytokines target phagocytes?

A

IL-8
CXCL8
C5a
IL-17

USMLE step 1 Rapid Review (6 decks)

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