System Engineering Exam 2

Question 1

Define Functions

Answer 1

Actions necessary to accomplish system’s objective.

Question 2

Functional Analysis

Answer 2

Functional analysis is a system development tool used to capture required system’s functions

Question 3

What is FFBD

Answer 3

FFBD(functional flow block diagram) is a graphical tools used to capture the functional sequence and functional hierarchy of a system

Question 4

What is TLA

Answer 4

TLA (Time-Line Analysis) is a tool used to capture the duration, and sequence of system functions.

Question 5

Why do Functional Analysis?

Answer 5

to draw out all the functions the system must perform to meet its requirements.

Question 6

Name functional analysis tool and describe them

Answer 6

• Functional Architecture: top down definition of system functions. Dictionary describing each function.
• FFBD: show the sequence of all functions to be accomplished by the sytem.
• N-squared diagrams: Used to develop data, function or hardware interfaces.
• Timelines: captures the duration of functions.

Question 7

Define Verification

Answer 7

Verification means checking if the product meets the approved requirements. This can be done at different stages throughout the product’s life cycle to ensure it works as expected.

Question 8

Define Validation

Answer 8

validation testing is done under realistic conditions on any end product to determine the effectiveness and suitability of the product and to evaluate the results of such tests.

Question 9

Name 5 Types of testing

Answer 9

drop, environmental, leak rates, security checks, vaccum

Question 10

Verification and validation principle

Answer 10

verification: it answers the requirements set by stakeholders and developers.
Validation: It answers the User’s questions.

Question 11

Types of system Verification

Answer 11

• Design verification
• Product verification

Question 12

Define Design and product verification

Answer 12

• Design verification: it answers the question if the way the system’s parts are arranged and connected will work as expected to achieve the required performance?
• Product verification: this makes sure the final product works properly by running a few tests in normal conditions, like at room temperature.

Question 13

verification Methods

Answer 13

inspection, examination, analysis, demonstration, test

Question 14

Validation methods

Answer 14

user interviews, prototyping, demonstration, qualification tests, and field trials.

Question 15

Difference between verification and validation

Question 16

Define SDLC

Answer 16

Systems development life cycle, is a step by step approach for developing information systems.

Question 17

7 phases of SDLC

Answer 17

• planning
• analysis
• design
• development
• testing
• implementation
• maintenance

Question 18

Define Planning phase

Answer 18

involves determining a solid plan for developing information systems.

Question 19

Three primary planning activities

Answer 19

1) Define the system to be developed
2) Define the scope
3) Develop a project plan including tasks, resources, and timeframes

Question 20

Define Analysis Phase

Answer 20

in this phase, end users and IT specialists work together to understand and document what the system needs to do.

Question 21

Two primary activities of analysis phase

Answer 21

1) Gather the business requirements
2) Prioritize the requirements

Question 22

Define Design Phase

Answer 22

create a technical blueprint showing how the system will work.

Question 23

Two primary design activities

Answer 23

1) design technical architecture
2) Create system models

Question 24

Define Development phase

Answer 24

convert design plans into working system

Question 25

Two primary development activities

Answer 25

1) Build the technical architecture 2) Build the database and programs

Question 26

Define Testing

Answer 26

Ensure the system works correctly and meets business needs defined in the analysis phase.

Question 27

Two primary testing activities

Answer 27

1) Write the Test conditions 2) perform the testing of the system

Question 28

Define Implementation

Answer 28

Distribute the system to knowledgeble workers and they began using the system to perform their everyday jobs.

Question 29

Maintenance

Answer 29

Monitor and support the new system to ensure it continues to meet the business goals.

Question 30

implementation method and define each

Answer 30

1) parallel implementation: using old and new system simultaneously. 2) Plunge implementation: discard the old system completely and use the new one 3) pilot implementation: Start with the small group of people with the new system and gradually add more people 4) phased implementation: implement the new system in phases

Question 31

two primary maintenance task

Answer 31

1) Build a help desk to support the system users 2) Provide an environment to support system changes

Question 32

Two primary implementation activities

Answer 32

1) write detailed user documentation 2) Provide training for the system users

Question 33

3 system development methodologies

Answer 33

1) waterfall methodology 2) rapid application development (RAD) 3) Extreme programming (XP)

Question 34

Define Waterfall methodology

Answer 34

a step-by-step approach where each phase of system development (from planning to maintenance) is completed one after the other.

Question 35

Define (RAD)

Answer 35

Rapid Application Development, Focuses on fast development by involving users early and often, using working models (Prototyping) to refine the system quickly.

Question 36

Define XP

Answer 36

Extreme programming, Divides the project into very small phases, ensuring that one phase is fully completed before moving to the next.

Question 37

Define prototype

Answer 37

prototyping is the process of creating a basic model to show how a proposed product, service, or system will work.

Question 38

Prototyping process

Answer 38

1) Identify basic requirement: figure out what the system needs 2) develop an initial prototype: build a simple version 3) User review: have user test and give feedback 4) Revise and improve: make changes based on feedback

Question 39

Types of prototype and define them

Answer 39

1)proof of concept prototype: shows whether the proposed system is technically possible 2) Selling prototype: helps convince others that the proposed system is valuable

Question 40

4 advantages of prototyping

Answer 40

1) gets user involve early 2) gives user a preview of final system 3) tests if the system is technically possible 4) makes it easier to convince others of the proposed system

Question 41

Disadvantage of prototyping

Answer 41

gives no indication of performance under operational conditions

Question 42

What is requirement Allocation sheet

Answer 42

It documents the connection between allocated functions, allocated performance and the physical system.

Question 43

Define insourcing and outsourcing

Answer 43

1) Insourcing: involves choosing the IT specialists within the organization to develop the system. 2) outsourcing:Delegation of specific work to a third party for a specific length of time, specific cost and specific level of service

Question 44

Give 3 examples of outsourcing.

Answer 44

1)Healthcare: exchange of EHR, database management 2)Transportation: ticket and order processing 3)Government:loan processing and medicaid processing

Question 45

Reasons of growing outsourcing

Answer 45

globalization and internet, growing economy and low unemployment rate, technology

Question 46

what is (RFP)

Answer 46

Request for Proposal, Outsourcing documents that informs vendors of your logical requirements

Question 47

3 types of oursourcing

Answer 47

1) onshore: engaging another company within same country 2) nearshore: outsourcing arrangement with a company in a nearby country 3) offshore: contracting with a company that is geographically far away

Question 48

Advantages of outsourcing

Answer 48

* reduce cost * better predict future cost * make good use of the intellect of another organization

Question 49

Disadvantages of outsourcing

Answer 49

* reduce degree of control *increases vulnerability of your strategic information * increases dependency on other organizations

Question 50

What is BPO

Answer 50

Business process outsourcing, means hiring an outside company to handle certain business tasks, like IT support or customer service, instead of managing them in house.