System Design, Loads, Stresses, Maintenance

Question 1

“Elastic deformation” in relation to aircraft structures is a shape change that……

Answer 1

Is temporary and is reversed after the force is removed

Question 2

How might a pilot ensure the structural integrity of the aircraft?

Answer 2

Check the maintenance documents

Question 3

Which of these statements about structural design principles are correct ?

1. Fail-safe implies multiple load paths
2. Safe life is the preferred design technique for aircraft

Answer 3

1) is correct

2) is incorrect

Fail safe = multiple load paths

Safe life = only one load path

Question 4

In a hard-time maintenance programme, a component must be replaced…..

Answer 4

At a specified number of flight cycles or hours

Question 5

A general visual indicator of corrosion that a pilot could detect during a pre flight-inspection is/are….

Answer 5

White spots on bare aluminium surfaces

Question 6

During a pre flight inspection, what should a pilot pay particular attention to ?

Answer 6

A crack in the wing spar

Question 7

What is the type of operation with the highest risk of corrosion ?

Answer 7

Low-level flights over warm salty water

Question 8

Which of the following are visual identifiers of corrosion which a pilot must be able to identify during a pre-flight inspection ?

1.Powdering
2.paint discolouration
3.Rust
4.Etching
5.Pitting
6.cracking
7.Flaking

Answer 8

All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following aircraft categories fall under CS-23 ?

1)normal
2)utility
3)ultralights
4)aerobatic
5)commuter aeroplanes
6)small helicopters

Answer 9

1,2,4,5

Question 10

On which type of drag does airframe ageing have the greatest influence on?

Answer 10

Skin friction drag

Question 11

What is “limit load” of an aircraft ?

Answer 11

It should be the maximum load expected during flight and the aircraft should be capable of withstanding 150% of it

Question 12

During a turn with high bank angle an no altitude change, what will an aircraft experiences ?

Answer 12

Stress and strain due to increase load

Question 13

Organise the following environments from the highest to the lowest rates of corrosion:

1. Desert
   2.mediterranean
2. Rainforest
3. Arctic

Answer 13

3,2,1,4

Question 14

When a structure is changed from a non-deformed into a deformed state, it has experienced

Answer 14

Strain

Question 15

How may corrosion in aluminium be identified

Answer 15

By formation of a grey powered

Question 16

What are cyclic load ?

Answer 16

Dynamic reversible loads

Question 17

What part are prone to stress, and the pilot should pay close attention to during the pre flight inspection ?

Answer 17

The Aft pressure bulkhead area (tail skid)

Question 18

Which of the following areas are most prone to experiencing stress and should be given particularly attention during a walk around?

1) wing spar and skin near the root of the wing
2) wing spar and skin near the tip of the wing
3) fuselage skin near the bulkhead
4) aircraft skin on the bottom and top of the fuselage
5) fuselage around the windows
6) engine nacelles

Answer 18

1,3,4,5

Question 19

What causes stress on an airframe?

Answer 19

Cycle loads

Question 20

The principle of damage tolerance in structural design of an aircraft is based on the…..

Answer 20

Capability to withstand a certain amount of damage to structural parts until the damage is detected during an inspection

Question 21

Ion the context of aviation and loadings on an aircraft’s structure…..

Answer 21

Strain is a measure of the deformation of a loaded structure

Question 22

The principle of ‘on condition’ maintenance is based on the…….

Answer 22

Monitoring of critical parameters of a component or a piece of equipment and its replacement if a limit value is exceeded

Question 23

The ratio of the change in size of the deformed structure to the size of the non deformed structure is called……

Answer 23

Strain

Question 24

How may corrosion of ferrous based metals be identified ?

Answer 24

By brown or reddy/brown discolouration

Question 25

What liquid is considered highly corrosive?

Answer 25

Hydraulic fluid

Question 26

For a safe life designed structure…..

Answer 26

One load path is sufficient and the structural element is removed at the end of the life time or number of cycles

Question 27

With regard to structural stress, fatigue means structural damage due to……

Answer 27

Load cycles

Question 28

Which of the following indications suggest continuous stress on an airframe ?

Visible cracking

Paint wear and bulges

Impact dents

Faded paintwork

Answer 28

Visible cracking

Question 29

Which of the following statements are correct or incorrect in reference to loads on an aircraft’s structure?

1. Dynamic loads only occur during flight

2.static loads only occur when parked on the apron

Answer 29

Both statements are incorrect (there are constantly loads of all types occurring on an aircraft at all times)

Question 30

What is strain ?

Answer 30

Strain is a measure of deformation of the fuselage

Question 31

What aircraft falls under CS-25

Answer 31

Large aeroplanes

Question 32

Corrosive conditions and a steady tensile load can produce a form of metal fatigue. This is also known as ?

Answer 32

Stress corrosion

Question 33

What is correct for fail safe designed structural components ?

Answer 33

One load carrying component is sufficient, provided it is strong enough

The design is based on the principle of redundancy of components

Question 34

Redundancy in systems is…..

Answer 34

The duplication, triplication, or more of critical systems

Question 35

When may more frequent washing of aircraft’s be scheduled ?

Answer 35

When operating warm oceanic areas or after flying low level over the ocean

Question 36

During their pre-fight inspection, the pilot notices that many of the rivets on top of the wing are loose, damaged or destroyed, and the underside of the wing is ridged into a way pattern. Which of the following could have caused this damage?

Answer 36

Hard landings or excessive manoeuvring

Question 37

What are stress and strain zero in an aircraft structure

Answer 37

Never, stress and strain are always present