system changes during pregnancy

Question 1

uterus (whats NL)

Answer 1

pear shaped
size of fist
wall: 1-2 cm wide

Question 2

wall of uterus during preg. will stretch and be thinned out to how many mm? what is to be avoided during this time?

Answer 2

5 mm

avoid injury to abdomen

Question 3

give in oz/lbs and grams of the increased weight found in pregnancy contributed to the uterus (ranges)

Answer 3

2oz-2.2lbs

50-1000grams

Question 4

uterine growth is determined by what 2 things?

Answer 4

hypertrophy

hyperplasia

Question 5

describe hypertrophy

Answer 5

pre-existing muscle fibers become 7-11 times longer/ 2-7 times wider

Question 6

why does hypertrophy occur?

Answer 6

d/t estrogen

Question 7

describe hyperplasia

Answer 7

formation of new muscle fibers contains about 1/6 of total blood volume at birth

Question 8

mucous in cervix thickening is produced by what hormone?

Answer 8

progesterone

Question 9

increased discharge of this item from the cervix

Answer 9

mucorrhea (increased discharge)

Question 10

why does mucous plug occur in the cervix during pregnancy?

Answer 10

prevent entrance of toxins/bacteria

Question 11

signs in the cervix(2)

Answer 11

goodell & chadwick signs

Question 12

give whether the FSH in the ovaries increase/decrease

Answer 12

decreases

Question 13

give whether the estrogen in the ovaries increase/decrease

Answer 13

increases

Question 14

give whether the progesterone in the ovaries increase/decrease

Answer 14

increases

Question 15

corpus luteum functions until the _____ weeks

Answer 15

12th

Question 16

the increased secretions from the vagina are what? acidic or alkaline? give range

Answer 16

acidic (ph; 3.5-3.6)

Question 17

what hormone producing thick loose connective tissue in the vagina contribute to it?

Answer 17

increased estrogen

Question 18

is blood supply to the vagina increased/decreased during pregnancy?

Answer 18

increased

Question 19

acidic conditions in the vagina are beneficial for what reasons?

Answer 19

lowers r/o infection

prevents bacteria entrance

Question 20

watch for what condition in the vagina during pregnancy?

Answer 20

monilia (yeast infection)

Question 21

growth of what in the breast during pregnancy?

Answer 21

growth of areolar tissue

Question 22

in the breasts, d/t estrogen & progesterone, what is hypertrophied?

Answer 22

hypertrophy of montgomery follicles

Question 23

colostrum present during what trimester

Answer 23

last trimester

Question 24

general function changes in GFR

Answer 24

hormones cause increased GFR values

Question 25

general function changes in tubular reabsorption rate

Answer 25

increased tubular reabsorption rate

Question 26

general function changes in renal plasma flow

Answer 26

increased renal plasma flow

Question 27

trace of what in urine in small quantities is considered NL

Answer 27

trace of glycosuria | large amounts are not NL

Question 28

general function changes in BUN

Answer 28

decreased BUN values in pregnancy

Question 29

give the NL BUN ranges and what occurs to them in pregnancy

Answer 29

8-18 mg/dL | in preg. this level goes down

Question 30

does excretion of drugs increase or decrease during pregnancy

Answer 30

there is an increased excretion of drugs

Question 31

slowest organ to return to non-pregnant state

Answer 31

bladder

Question 32

what organ is at increased risk of trauma & infection?

Answer 32

bladder

Question 33

the increased pressure in the bladder is evident in what two trimesters?

Answer 33

first & third trimesters

Question 34

increased vasculature in the bladder (true/false)

Answer 34

true

Question 35

ureters dilate & elongate d/t what hormone?

Answer 35

progesterone

Question 36

UTI in pregnancy is increased due to what condition?

Answer 36

stasis of urine

Question 37

encourage what to avoid UTI in pregnant women?

Answer 37

encourage to move actively/drink fluids

Question 38

what happens to the ureters in pregnancy?

Answer 38

dilation & elongation

Question 39

what hormone relaxes smooth muscle in the GI system?

Answer 39

progesterone

Question 40

N/V increased d/t what hormone?

Answer 40

progesterone

Question 41

5 things associated with GI system

Answer 41

``` ptyalism heartburn flatulence hemorrhoids gallstone formation ```

Question 42

whats ptyalism

Answer 42

metallic taste d/t hormonal changes (hypersalivation)

Question 43

constant complication in gi system due to progesterone

Answer 43

constipation/bloating/flatulence

Question 44

increased estrogen causes increased what in the endocrine system

Answer 44

increased thyroxine (T4)

Question 45

since BMR is increased in pregnancy, TSH is affected how?

Answer 45

TSH is decreased when BMR is increased

Question 46

is the parathyroid increasingly active during pregnancy or decreased?

Answer 46

increased activity

Question 47

why is parathyroid activity increased?

Answer 47

parallels fetal calcium requirements

Question 48

what should the patient intake with the increased activity of the parathyroid?

Answer 48

take calcium during pregnancy

Question 49

what organ enlarges with each pregnancy?

Answer 49

anterior pituitary

Question 50

what hormones are secreted out the anterior pituitary?

Answer 50

``` FSH LH thyrotropin adrentropin prolactin (at delivery) ```

Question 51

posterior pituitary secretes what 2 hormones

Answer 51

oxytocin | vasopressin (ADH)

Question 52

what hormone in the posterior pituitary causes vasoconstriction to control BP & water

Answer 52

vasopressin (ADH)

Question 53

what hormone causes hypertrophy in the adrenal system?

Answer 53

estrogen

Question 54

what increased substances are found in the adrenal system?

Answer 54

increased corticoid secretion and increased aldosterone

Question 55

what increased value in the adrenals causes increased sodium reabsorption by the kidneys

Answer 55

increased aldosterone

Question 56

the placenta produces what hormones?

Answer 56

``` HCG progesterone estrogen relaxin HPL (human placental antagonizing insulin) ```