System Architecture

Question 1

modprobe

Answer 1

Automatically loads any dependent modules and is usually the preferred way of loading kernel modules

Question 2

lsusb

Answer 2

• A utility for displaying the information about USB buses and associated connected devices in the system
• Reads /dev/bus/usb

Question 3

/proc/interrupts

Answer 3

Shows the IRQs in use on the system

Question 4

/proc/dma

Answer 4

Displays DMA addresses in use on the system

Question 5

DMA address

Answer 5

An alternate method of communicating with I/O ports

Question 6

lsmod

Answer 6

Lists modules currently loaded

Question 7

insmod

Answer 7

Older method used to insert modules into the running Linux kernel

Question 8

rmmod

Answer 8

Older method used to remove modules from the running Linux kernel

Question 9

dmesg

Answer 9

Extracts information about the boot process

Question 10

kernel

Answer 10

The main part of the Linux OS, responsible for the entire OS. threads, devices, filesystems and video

Question 11

BIOS

Answer 11

Responsible for preparing the system to boot, finding the CPU, memory and disk in order to begin the boot process

Question 12

/var/log/messages

Answer 12

Contains detailed post boot messages for your system as well as messages from applications that communicate with your kernel.

Question 13

/etc/inittab

Answer 13

Holds run level configurations

Question 14

shutdown

Answer 14

Used to power off the machine

Question 15

shutdown -k

Answer 15

Send warning of impending shutdown but do not shut down

Question 16

shutdown -r

Answer 16

Reboot after shutdown

Question 17

shutdown -h

Answer 17

Halt or power off the system

Question 18

shutdown -P

Answer 18

Half action to turn off power

Question 19

shutdown -f

Answer 19

Skip fsck on next boot

Question 20

shutdown -F

Answer 20

Force fsck on next boot

Question 21

shutdown -c

Answer 21

Cancel a waiting shutdown

Question 22

shutdown -t

Answer 22

Can specify the amount of time before shutting down

Question 23

init

Answer 23

• Can be used to change run level and shutdown machine

- Last process in the boot process

Question 24

Run Level 0

Answer 24

Used to power off the system

Question 25

Run Level 1

Answer 25

• Single user mode

- Used for low-level system maintenance

Question 26

Run Level 2

Answer 26

On Debian, a full multi-user mode with X running and a graphical login (undefined on all other distributions)

Question 27

Run Level 3

Answer 27

On most distributions, a full multi-user mode with non-graphical login

Question 28

Run Level 4

Answer 28

Usually undefined and available for customization

Question 29

Run Level 5

Answer 29

Graphical login for most distributions

Question 30

Run Level 6

Answer 30

Used to reboot the system

Question 31

init 1

Answer 31

Changes to run level 1

Question 32

id:2:initdefault

Answer 32

Says the default run level is 2