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Linux+ (LXO-103) > Chapter 2: Managing Software > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Managing Software Flashcards

1
Q

Package

A

A collection of files that are installed on the computer

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2
Q

Dependency Information

A

Lists other packages that are required to install a package.

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3
Q

RPM Package Manager (RPM)

A
  • The most popular package manager in the Linux world.

- Cross-platform and supports any CPU architecture

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4
Q

Convention for naming RPM packages

A

packagename-a.b.c-x.arch.rpm

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5
Q

packagename

A

The name of the package

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6
Q

a.b.c

A

The package version number

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7
Q

x (as in packagename-a.b.c-x.arch.rpm)

A

The build/release number, representing changes made by the package maintainer.

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8
Q

arch (as in packagename-a.b.c-x.arch.rpm)

A

A code for the package’s architecture.

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9
Q

Architecture Code for x86 CPU

A

i386

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10
Q

If a package is independent of CPU, what is put in the arch field?

A

noarch

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11
Q

What is the architecture code for source RPMs?

A

src

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12
Q

Compatibility Issues between RPM-based Distributions

A
  • Different package dependencies
  • Difference in names of dependent packages
  • Slightly different files it depends on
  • Basically dependencies!
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13
Q

rpm [operation][options] [package-files|package-names]

A

Used to install or upgrade a package at the shell prompt

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14
Q

rpm -i

A

Installs a package; note that the system must not contain a package of the same name

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15
Q

rpm -U

A

Installs a new package or upgrades an existing one

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16
Q

rpm -f
or
rpm –freshen

A

Upgrades a package only if an earlier version already exists

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17
Q

rpm -q

A

Finds whether a package is installed, what files it contains, and so on

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18
Q

rpm -e

A

Uninstalls a package

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19
Q

rpm -b

A

Builds a binary package, given source code and configuration files
(moved to rpmbuild with RPM version 4.2)

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20
Q

rpm –rebuild

A

Builds a binary package, given source RPM file

moved to rpmbuild with RPM version 4.2

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21
Q

rpm –rebuilddb

A

Rebuilds the RPM database to fix errors

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22
Q

rpm –root [dir]

A

Modifies the Linux system having a root directory located at dir.
Used with any operation.

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23
Q

rpm –force

A
  • Forces installation of a package even when it means overwriting existing files or packages.
  • Used with -i, -U, -F
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24
Q

rpm -h
or
rpm–hash

A
  • Displays a series of hash marks (#) to indicate the progress of the operation
  • Used with -i, -U, -F
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25
Q

rpm -v

A

-Used in conjunction with the -h option to produce a uniform number of hash marks for each package

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26
Q

rpm –nodeps

A
  • Specifies that no dependency checks be performed

- Used with -i, -U, -F, -e

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27
Q

rpm –test

A
  • Checks for dependencies, conflicts, and other problems without actually installing the package
  • Used with -i, -U, -F
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28
Q

rpm –prefix [path]

A
  • Sets the installation directory to path.

- Used with -i, -U, -F

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29
Q

rpm -a
or
rpm -all

A
  • Queries or verifies all packages

- Used with -q, -V

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30
Q

rpm -f file
or
rpm –file file

A
  • Queries or verifies the package that owns file.

- Used with -q, -V

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31
Q

rpm -p [package-file]

A
  • Queries the uninstalled RPM package-file

- Used with -q

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32
Q

rpm -qi

A

Displays extra package info, and used to verify the package has been installed correctly

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33
Q

rpm -R
or
rpm –requires

A

-Displays the packages and files on which this depends

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34
Q

rpm -l
or
rpm –list

A
  • Displays the files contained in the package

- Used with -q

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35
Q

If you want to do rpm on multiple packages, how do you list them?

A

Just separated by spaces on the command line yo

36
Q

Which rpm operations require a package filename as opposed to a package name?

A

-i, -U, -F and rebuild operations

37
Q

Which rpm operations take a package name as opposed to a package filename?

A

-q, -V, -e

38
Q

Which commands must you use to extract info from an rpm command?

A

rpm2cpio to convert it to a cpio file, then pipe it to
cpio -i –makedirectories to extract the data

Note: always do this is in an empty subdirectory that is created for this purpose only

39
Q

Yum

A

Enables you to install a package and all its dependencies easily using a single command line.

40
Q

Three popular Linux distributions that use Yum

A

Red Hat, CentOS, and Fedora

41
Q

yum [options] [command] [package…]

A

The command you use to use Yum

42
Q

yum install

A

Installs one or more packages by package name, and the dependencies

43
Q

yum update

A

Updates the specified package or packages

44
Q

yum check-update

A

Checks to see whether updates are available and displays them if they are

45
Q

yum remove
or
yum erase

A

Deletes a package from the system and depended-on packages

46
Q

yum list

A

Displays information about a package

47
Q

yum provides
or
yum whatprovides

A

Displays info about packages that provide a specified program or feature

48
Q

yum search

A

Searches the repositories’ package names, summaries, packagers, and descriptions for a specific keyword

49
Q

yum info

A

Displays info about a package, similar to

rpm -qi

50
Q

yum clean

A

Cleans up the Yum cache directory to keep packages from chewing up too much disk space

51
Q

yum shell

A

Enters the Yum shell mode, in which you can enter multiple Yum commands one after another.

52
Q

yum resolvedep

A

Displays packages matching the specified dependency

53
Q

yum localinstall

A

Installs the specified local RPM files

54
Q

yum localupdate

A

Updates the system using the specified local RPM files

55
Q

yum deplist

A

Displays the dependencies of the specified package

56
Q

How to download a package but not install it with Yum?

A

yumdownloader [packagename]

57
Q

Two GUIs for Yum

A

yumex and kyum

58
Q

What is the main RPM configuration file?

A

/usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc

59
Q

Which file should you create to make global RPM changes?

A

/etc/rpmrc

60
Q

Which file should you create to make per-user RPM changes?

A

~/.rpmrc

61
Q

What is the line you should add to a RPM configuration file to optimize architecture?

A

optflags
or
buildarchtranslate

62
Q

What is the Yum configuration file?

A

/etc/yum.conf with additional config files in /etc/yum.repos.d

63
Q

Livna

A

A Yum repository that hosts multimedia tools

64
Q

KDE Red Hat

A

A Yum repository that provides improved KDE RPMs

65
Q

Fresh RPMs

A

A Yum repository that provides additional RPMs, mostly focusing on multimedia applications and drivers.

66
Q

How do RPM and Debian relate to OS and CPU type?

A

Their package formats are neutral with respect to em!

67
Q

What was the original architecture of the Debian distribution?

A

x86

68
Q

dpkg [options][action] [package-files|package-name]

A

Command used to install a Debian package

69
Q

dpkg -i
or
dpkg –install
(action)

A

Installs a package

70
Q

dpkg –configure

action

A

Reconfigures an installed package

71
Q

dpkg -r
or
dpkg –remove
(action)

A

Removes a package but leaves the configuration files intact

72
Q

dpkg -P
or
dpkg –purge
(action)

A

Removes a package, including configuration files

73
Q

dpkg –get-selections

action

A

Displays currently installed packages

74
Q

dpkg -p
or
dpkg –print-avail
(action)

A

Displays information about an installed package

75
Q

dpkg -I (that is an i)
or
dpkg –info
(action)

A

Displays information about an uninstalled package file

76
Q

dpkg - l [pattern]
or
dpkg –list [pattern]
(action)

A

Lists all installed packages whose names match pattern

77
Q

dpkg -L
or
dpkg –listfiles
(action)

A

Lists the installed files associated with the package

78
Q

dpkg -S [pattern]
or
dpkg –search [pattern]
(action)

A

Locates the package(s) that own the file(s) specified by pattern

79
Q

dpkg -C
or
dpkg –audit

A

Searches for partially installed packages and suggests what to do with them

80
Q

dpkg –root=[dir]

A
  • Modifies the Linux system using a root directory located at “dir”
  • Can be used with all actions
81
Q

dpkg -B
or
dpkg –auto-deconfigure

A
  • Disables packages that rely on one that is being removed

- Used with -r

82
Q

dpkg –force-things

A

Overrides defaults that would normally cause dpkg to abort

83
Q

dpkg –ignore-depends=[package]

A
  • Ignores dependency information for the specified package

- Used with -i,-r

84
Q

dpkg –no-act

A
  • Checks for dependencies, conflicts, or other problems without actually installing or removing the package
  • Used with -i, -r
85
Q

dpkg –recursive

A
  • Installs all packages that match the package-name wildcard in the specified directory and all subdirectories.
  • Used with -i
86
Q

dpkg -G

A
  • Doesn’t install the package if a newer version of the same package is already installed
  • Used with -i
87
Q

dpkg -E
or
dpkg –skip-same-version

A
  • Doesn’t install the package if the same version of the package is already installed
  • Used with -i

Linux+ (LXO-103) (7 decks)

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