System Analysis & Design Final Flashcards
Those activities that enable a person to describe in the detail the system that solves the need is called:
systems design
During a fact-finding interview, an important guideline is:
to probe to get sufficient details
State events are also sometimes called _______ events.
internal
In a sequence diagram a horizontal dashed line represents what?
A return message
What are the PMBOK knowledge areas?
Project Integration Management Project Scope Management Project Time Management Project Cost Management Project Quality Management Project Human Resource Management Project Communications Management Project Risk Management Project Procurement Management Project Stakeholders Management
MVC stands for _______.
model-view-controller
Referential integrity is normally enforced by the ____.
database management system
Which of the following is NOT considered an analysis model? A. Class diagram B. State machine diagram C. User interface screen layouts D. Activity diagram
User interface screen layouts
What are the principles of user-centered design?
The design is based upon an explicit understanding of users, tasks and environments.
Users are involved throughout design and development.
The design is driven and refined by user-centered evaluation.
The process is iterative.
The design addresses the whole user experience.
The design team includes multidisciplinary skills and perspectives.
A concept that allows subclasses to share the characteristics of their superclasses is called ____.
inheritance
Before gathering detailed information, an analyst _____.
identifies every type of stakeholder.
T/F: One way to determine whether an occurrence is an event or part of the interaction before or after an event is by asking if any long pauses or intervals occur.
True
What is 1NF?
First Normal Form: Where the table has a primary key, there is no duplicate data in multiple rows.
What is 2NF?
Second Normal Form: Same as first normal form, but there can be no fields that are partially-dependent on the primary key. This is generally an issue with combined keys.
What is 3NF?
Third Normal Form: Where no non-key field is functionally dependent on another non-key field.
T/F: In generalization/specialization the objects in a subclass are always also contained in the parent class.
True
What is architectural design in systems development?
Architectural design in systems development refers to creating a broad design of the general system structure.
A development process where the system is grown piece by piece is called _____.
incremental
What is the term used to describe system development based on the view that a system is a set of interacting objects that work together?
Object-oriented
A class that can be instantiated with objects of its type being created is called a(n) _____.
concrete class.
When the appearance of a specific control suggests its function, that is called ______.
affordance
A(n) _____ describes the structure, content, and access controls of a physical data store or database.
database schema
Which of the following relationships would NOT be an appropriate way to describe a relationship between an employee and his/her manager?
a. Unary relationship
b. Binary relationship
c. Generalization/Specialization relationship
d. Association relationship
Association relationship
What is a unary relationship?
A unary relationship is a relationship between two of the same thing, like marriage being a unary relationship between people.
What is a binary relationship?
A binary relationship is a relationship between two different things, like between customer and employee.
What is a generalization relationship?
A generalization relationship is best known as a “is a” relationship, representing inheritance. It indicates a child of a parent class.
What is an association relationship?
In class diagrams, an association is a structural relationship that indicates that objects of one classifier, such as a class and interface, are connected and can navigate to objects of another classifier.
In UML the constraint denoted by “0..*” indicates what?
An optional to many relationship.
Which of the following is NOT true about a UML class.
a. It is a classification of objects.
b. It is a set of objects.
c. It is similar to a data entity.
d. It has multiplicity.
d. It has multiplicity.
multiplicity refers to the number of links between two different objects, which a class is not.
In a generalization/specialization relationship, it would not make sense for a class at the bottom of the hierarchy to be a(n) ______ class.
a. composite
b. association
c. concrete
d. abstract
d. abstract
If the bottom-most class in a hierarchy is abstract, then… none of the things could exist. Makes no sense.
On a systems sequence diagram, ____ indicate(s) a true/false condition.
[ ]
What is environment design?
Specifying the network and hardware linking the system together.
One main principle of structured design is that program modules should be designed so that they are ____.
highly cohesive This means that each module accomplishes one clear task.
What is the primary goal in Agile Modeling?
developing software
- Which of the following is NOT an Agile Modeling principle?
a. Minimize your modeling activity
b. Know your models and how to use them
c. Focus on content rather than representation
d. Maintain core models to verify past decisions
d. Maintain core models to verify past decisions
The main agile modeling principles are:
Developing Software as the primary goal
Enabling the next effort as the secondary goal
Minimizing modeling activity (few & simple)
Embrace change, and change incrementally
Model with a purpose
Build multiple models
Build high-quality models and get feedback quickly
Focus on content over representation
Know your models and how to use them
Adapt to specific project needs
Define a project.
A planned undertaking with a start and a stop that produce a result.
What is an organizational risk?
An organizational risk is a risk that is rooted in a company’s culture.
What is technological risk?
A technological risk is a risk that occurs due to new or unfamiliar technology.
What is resources risk?
A resources risk is a risk rooted in the technical aptitude, skills, and availability of staff.
What is a deployment risk?
A deployment risk is a risk rooted in schedule and timeline issues.
How is Return on Investment calculated?
Sum of net present values and costs.
How is Net Present Value calculated?
P / (1 + i)^t
Where P is the amount of the cash flow, i is the discount rate, and t represents time period. Add any relevant cost, and you’re good to go!
How is break-even point calculated?
Take the absolute value of the ending value of the last year in the red, divide by the sum of the absolute values of the first year in the black AND the first year in the red, and multiply that by 365.
How is discount factor calculated?
Discount factor takes a look at the interest (let’s say 0.05), Add 1 to the interest, making 1.05, and take it to the power of the current period (1/05^2, etc). Finally divide that by 1.
1/(1/05^2)
Which of the following is a general guideline for designing navigation visibility?
a. A superior/subordinate relationship is usually navigated from the superior to the subordinate class
b. A superior/subordinate relationship is usually navigated from the subordinate to the superior class
c. Relationships in which objects in one class cannot exist without objects of another class are usually navigated from the more dependent class to the more independent class
d. Navigation arrows should not be modified during the design process
a. A superior/subordinate relationship is usually navigated from the superior to the subordinate class
What is navigation visibility?
Navigation visibility is a design principle in which one object has a reference to another object, and can interact with it.
Which of the following is true of class-level methods?
a. They depend on the existence of a particular object.
b. They cannot access data across all objects.
c. They are executed by the class instead of a specific object of the class.
d. There can only be one class method per class.
They are executed by the class instead of a specific object of the class.
A class named SaleItem which has methods to calculate its own price is said to have good ______.
a. API
b. cohesion
c. coupling
d. object responsibility
object responsibility
Domain layer classes should ____.
a. prepare persistent classes for storage to the database
b. start up and shut down the system
c. edit and validate input data
d. establish and maintain connections to the database
prepare persistent classes for storage to the database
Data access layer classes should ____.
a. process all business rules with appropriate logic
b. accept input data
c. display data fields
d. contain Structure Query Language (SQL) statements
contain Structure Query Language (SQL) statements
All ____ in a table are guaranteed to be unique if the table’s primary key is guaranteed to be unique.
rows
Determine the major subsystems and assigning them to an iteration is done in which Core Process?
2
T/F: Textual models are used to represent precise aspects of the system that can be best represented by using formulas.
False
T/F: Sometimes the activities within Core Process one are completed before the actual project starts.
True
T/F: The analyst begins identifying state events by asking about the specific deadlines that the system must accommodate.
False
T/F: A loop frame and an asterisk mean the same thing in a sequence diagram.
True
T/F: Activity diagrams cannot be used to describe processes that involve automated system activities.
False
T/F: The output of the design activities is a set of diagrams and documents that describe the solution system.
True
T/F: A project cannot have both predictive and adaptive elements.
False
T/F: The activation lifeline is depicted by a vertical dashed line under an object.
False
T/F: The first-cut sequence diagram contains view layer and business layer.
False
T/F: The final decision of project scope in an Agile project rests with the users.
False
One way to show concurrent paths within an activity diagram is with a _____.
synchronization bar
A(n) _____ is something that occurs at a specific time and place and can be precisely measured
event
The _____ technique is a technique to identify use cases by determining specific goals or objectives must be completed by a user.
user-goal
A UML class that never has any objects within the class is called a(n) _____.
abstract
_____ is the term used to describe the user interface in a three-layer architecture.
View layer
A bar chart that portrays the schedule by the length of horizontal bars is called a _____
Gantt Chart
The term “_____” is a measure of the focus or unity of purpose within a single class.
Cohesion
_____ is a design principle in which analysts divide or segregate classes into several highly cohesive classes.
Division of Responsibility
Problem domain classes that must be remembered between program execution are called _____.
persistent classes
_____ is a one-to-one correspondence between two field values.
Functional dependency
What does CRUD stand for?
Create, read, update and delete.
