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Linux Certification > System Access and the File System > Flashcards

System Access and the File System Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by console system access?

A

Direct access to the OS via video peripherals (VGA/DVI/HDMI)

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2
Q

What is meant by remote system access?

A

Connecting to a system over a network connection (Telnet/SSH) using IP address on port 23/22

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3
Q

How do you connect over SSH with a specific username?

A

‘ssh -l <username> <ip_address>' or 'ssh <username>@<ip_address>'</ip_address></username></ip_address></username>

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4
Q

What is the command prompt symbol for a standard user?

A

$

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5
Q

What is the command prompt symbol for the root user?

A

#

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6
Q

What is contained in /boot

A

Boot loader files used by the system boot loader (grub.cfg)

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7
Q

What is contained in /root

A

The root users home directory

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8
Q

What is contained in /dev

A

System device files (disk/optical drive/audio/keyboard/mouse etc)

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9
Q

What is contained in /etc

A

Configuration files for all system components

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10
Q

What is contained in /bin -> /usr/bin

A

User commands for use within the terminal

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11
Q

What is contained in /sbin -> /usr/sbin

A

Optional 3rd party applications (not shipped with the OS)

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12
Q

What is contained in /proc

A

Running process files that only exist in memory

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13
Q

What is contained in /lib -> /usr/lib

A

C language libraries needed by the OS and applications

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14
Q

What is contained in /tmp

A

Directory for temporary files

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15
Q

What is contained in /home

A

System user home directories

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16
Q

What is contained in /var

A

System and application log files

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17
Q

What is contained in /run

A

System daemon files that start very early in the Linux launch process (systemd/udev etc) - stores temporary files during launch

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18
Q

What is contained in /mnt

A

Used to mount external file systems

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19
Q

What is contained in /media

A

Used for mounting CD-ROMS/ISOs

20
Q

What is contained in /opt

A

Optional 3rd party applications (not shipped with the OS)

21
Q

What is the letter that denotes a file is a directory?

A

d

22
Q

What is the symbol that denotes a file is a directory?

A

-

23
Q

What is the letter that denotes a file is a link?

A

l

24
Q

What is the letter that denotes a file is a device or special file?

A

c

25
Q

What is the letter that denotes a file is a socket?

A

s

26
Q

What is the letter that denotes a file is a named pipe?

A

p

27
Q

What is the letter that denotes a file is a block device?

A

b

28
Q

What command is used for changing passwords?

A

passwd

29
Q

How do you change the password for the current user?

A

Just type ‘passwd’

30
Q

How do you change the password for a specific user?

A

sudo passwd <user_id> | <username></username></user_id>

31
Q

How do you list files in chronological order?

A

ls -ltr (oldest at the top) or ls -lt (newest at the top)

32
Q

How do you enable the ‘locate’ command to work properly?

A

Install package ‘mlocate’ and run ‘sudo updatedb’ to update the file system index

33
Q

When should you run ‘sudo updatedb’?

A

When you have added/removed a file/directory from the file system

34
Q

How are square brackets used as string wildcards?

A

[abc] finds anything containing ‘a’, ‘b’, or ‘c’ - requires **

35
Q

How do you use wildcards symbols to match exact substrings?

A

abc matches exactly ‘abc’

36
Q

What is an inode?

A

A pointer/number to a file on disk

37
Q

What is the difference between soft and hard links?

A

A soft link is pointer to a file that points to an inode. A hard link points directly to an inode

38
Q

What happens to soft links when the pointer file is deleted?

A

The soft link is also deleted

39
Q

What happens to hard links when the pointer file is deleted?

A

The hard link remains pointing to the inode

40
Q

How do you create a hard link?

A

ln /path/to/file /path/to/hard/link (the hard link path is created by the command)

41
Q

What do hard links look like in a file list?

A

-rwxrwxrwx hard_link

42
Q

What do soft links look like in a file list?

A

lrwxrwxrwx soft_link -> /path/to/linked/file

43
Q

What command displays inode numbers?

A

ls -i

44
Q

How does disk partitioning affect hard links?

A

Hard links must exist on the same disk partition

45
Q
A

Linux Certification (5 decks)

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