Synthetic Routes - reaction pathways Flashcards by Anya Anderson

Q

Alkenes –> alkanes

A

H2 and Ni

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Q

Alkane –> Haloalkane

A

Halogen and UV

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Q

Alkene –> Haloalkane

A

Hydrogen halide

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Q

Haloalkane –> Nitrile

A

NaCN/ ethanol

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Q

Haloalkane –> Amine

A

NH3 / ethanol

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Q

Nitrile –> Amine

A

H2 / Ni

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Q

Nitrile –> Carboxylic Acid

A

H2O / HCl, heat

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Q

Hydroxynitrile –> Carboxylic acid

A

H2O/HCl, heat

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Q

Hydroxynitrile –> Amine

A

H2 / Ni

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Q

Haloalkane –> Alcohol

A

NaOH

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Q

Alcohol –> Haloalkane

A

Na-halide / H2SO4

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Q

Alcohol –> Alkene

A

Conc H3PO4, reflux

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Q

Alkene –> Alcohol

A

H2O (steam) / conc H3PO4

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Q

Primary alcohol –> carboxylic acid

A

K2Cr2O7/H+, reflux

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Q

Primary alcohol –> Ester

A

Carboxylic acid / conc H2SO4
OR
Acid anhydride

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Q

Secondary alcohol –> Ketone

A

K2Cr2O7/H+, reflux

Q

Ketone –> Secondary alcohol

A

NaBH4 (+H2O)

Q

Ketone –> Hydroxynitrile

A

NaCN / H+

Q

Primary alcohol –> Aldehyde

A

K2Cr2O7/H+, distillation

Q

Aldehyde –> Primary alcohol

A

NaBH4

Q

Ester –> Carboxylate

A

OH-, heat

Q

Ester –> Carboxylic acid

A

Dilute acid, heat

Q

Carboxylic acid –> Ester

A

Alcohol / conc H2SO4

Q

Carboxylic acid –> Acyl chloride

A

SOCl2

Q

Acyl Chloride –> carboxylic acid

A

H2O

Q

Acyl Chloride –> Ester

A

Alcohol

Q

Acyl Chloride –> primary amide

A

NH3

Q

Acyl Chloride –> secondary amide

A

Primary amide

Q

Benzene –> nitrobenzene

A

Conc HNO3 and Conc H2SO4

Q

Nitrobenzene –> phenylamine

A

Sn and conc HCl, then excess NaOH

Q

Phenylamine –> 2,4,6-tribromophenylamine

A

Br2

Q

Phenol –> Nitrophenol

A

Dilute HNO3