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Organic Chemistry AS/A Level > Synthetic Routes > Flashcards

Synthetic Routes Flashcards

1
Q

ALKENE –> ALKANE

A

Reduction / Hydrogenation

H2 and Ni catalyst

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2
Q

ALCOHOL –> ALKENE

A

conc H2SO4

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3
Q

ALKENE –> ALCOHOL

A

Hydration

H3PO4/H2O

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4
Q

ALKANE –> HALOALKANE

A

Radical substitution

UV light/halogen

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5
Q

ALKENE –> HALOALKANE

A

Electrophilic addition

Hydrogen halide

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6
Q

ALCOHOL –> HALOALKANE

A

Nucleophilic substitution

Na halide/H2SO4

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7
Q

HALOALKANE –> ALCOHOL

A

Nucleophilic substitution

NaOH

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8
Q

HALOALKANE –> AMINE

A

NH3 dissolved in ethanol

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9
Q

HALOALKANE –> NITRILE

A

NaCN

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10
Q

PRIMARY ALCOHOL –> ALDEHYDE

A

Oxidation [O]
Distillation
K2Cr2O7/conc H2SO4

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11
Q

SECONDARY ALCOHOL –> KETONE

A

Oxidation [O]
Reflux
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4

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12
Q

PRIMARY ALCOHOL –> CARBOXYLIC ACID

A

Oxidation 2[O]
Reflux
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4

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13
Q

ALDEHYDE –> PRIMARY ALCOHOL

A

Reduction

NaBH4/H2O

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14
Q

ALDEHYDE –> CARBOXYLIC ACID

A

Oxidation

K2Cr2O7/H+

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15
Q

ALDEHYDE –> HYDROXYNITRILE

A

Nucleophilic addition

NaCN/H+

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16
Q

HYDROXYNITRILE –> AMINE

A

Reduction / Hydrogenation

H2/ Ni catalyst

17
Q

NITRILE –> AMINE

A

Reduction / Hydrogenation

H2/ Ni catalyst

18
Q

NITRILE –> CARBOXYLIC ACID

A

Hydrolysis

H2O/HCl

19
Q

ALCOHOL –> ESTER

A

Esterification

carboxylic acid/H2SO4

20
Q

ESTER –> ALCOHOL

A

Acid Hydrolysis
Heated under reflux
dilute aq acid

21
Q

ESTER –> ALCOHOL

A

Alkaline Hydrolysis / Saponification
Heated under reflux
aq OH- ions

22
Q

ESTER –> CARBOXYLIC ACID

A

Hydrolysis

dilute acid

23
Q

CARBOXYLIC ACID –> ESTER

A

Esterification

Alcohol/ H2SO4

24
Q

CARBOXYLIC ACID –> ACYL CHLORIDE

25
Q

ACYL CHLORIDE –> CARBOXYLIC ACID

A

Hydrolysis

26
Q

ACYL CHLORIDE –> PRIMARY AMIDE (+NaH4Cl ammonium salt)

27
Q

ACYL CHLORIDE –> ESTER (+hydrogen chloride)

28
Q

ACYL CHLORIDE –> ESTER (+hydrogen chloride)

29
Q

ACID ANHYDRIDE –> ACYL CHLORIDE (+carboxylic acid)

30
Q

ACYL CHLORIDE –> SECONDARY AMIDE

A

primary amine

Organic Chemistry AS/A Level (5 decks)

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