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Chemistry A-Level > Synthetic Routes > Flashcards

Synthetic Routes Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from an Alkane to a Haloalkane?

A

A Halogen and UV Light. The UV breaks apart the Halogen into 2 Halogen Free Radicals

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2
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from an Alkene to an Alkane.

A

Hydrogen (H2) and a Nickel Catalyst

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3
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from an Alkene to a Haloalkane.

A

Hydrogen and a Halogen

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4
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from a Haloalkane to a Nitrile.

A

Cyanide (CN) and ethanol

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5
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from a Haloalkane to an Amine.

A

NH2 and ethanol

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6
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from a Haloalkane to an alcohol.

A

Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide

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7
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from an Alkene to an Alcohol.

A

Gaseous Water (Steam) and Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

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8
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from an Alcohol to an Alkene.

A

Phosphoric Acid or Sulphuric Acid (H3pO4 or H2SO4) and heat

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9
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from an Alcohol to a Haloalkane

A

Sodium Halide and Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)

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10
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from an Alcohol to a Ketone.

A

Potassium Dichromate and Sulphuric Acid (K2Cr2O7 or H2SO4) under reflux. Has to be a Secondary alcohol

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11
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from an Alcohol to an Ester.

A

Carboxylic acid and concentrated Sulphuric Acid or an Acid Anhydride

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12
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from an Alcohol to an Aldehyde.

A

Potassium Dichromate and Sulphuric Acid through distillation. It must be a primary alcohol

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13
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from a Ketone to an Alcohol.

A

Sodium Borohydride (NaBH4) Will form a secondary alcohol

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14
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from an Aldehyde to an Alcohol.

A

Sodium Borohydride (NaBH4)

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15
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from a Nitrile to a Carboxylic Acid.

A

Water, Hydrochloric acid and heat

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16
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from a Nitrile to an Amine.

A

Hydrogen (H2) and Nickel Catalyst (Ni)

17
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from a Ketone to a Hydroxynitrile.

A

Aqueous Sodium Cyanide and Hydrogen ions (NaCN and H+)

18
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from an Aldehyde to a Carboxylic Acid.

A

Potassium Dichromate and Sulphuric Acid under Reflux

19
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from an Ester to a Carboxylic Acid

A

Dilute Acid and Heat

20
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from a Carboxylic Acid to an Ester.

A

An alcohol and concentrated Sulphuric Acid

21
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from an Ester to a Carboxylate

A

Hydroxide ions and heat

22
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from an Acyl Chloride to an Ester

A

add an Alcohol

23
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from an Acyl Chloride to a Primary Amide

A

NH3

24
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from an Acyl Chloride to a secondary Amide

A

Primary Amine

25
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from a Benzene Molecule to Nitrobenzene

A

Concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO3) and Concentrated Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)

26
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from a Benzene Molecule to Methyl-Benzene

A

Methyl-chloride and aluminium chloride (CH3Cl and AlCl3)

27
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from a Benzene Molecule to Bromobenzene

A

Bromine (Br2) and Aluminium Bromide (AlBr3)

28
Q

Name the reagents and conditions required to go from a Benzene Molecule to Chlorobenzene

A

Chlorine (Cl2) and Aluminium Chloride (AlCl3)

Chemistry A-Level (5 decks)

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