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Chemistry A2 Rafa > Synthetic Routes > Flashcards

Synthetic Routes Flashcards

1
Q

Alkane to alkene

A

Cracking

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2
Q

Alkene to alkane

A

Addition reaction

H2, Ni catalyst, 150*C

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3
Q

Alkane to haloalkane

A

Substitution reaction

Halogen and UV light

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4
Q

Alkene to haloalkane

A

Addition reaction

Hydrogen halide, room temp/20 degrees

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5
Q

Haloalkane to alkene

A

Elimination reaction

Hot, conc KOH, alcoholic solution

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6
Q

Haloalkane to alcohol

A

Substitution reaction

Warm NaOH or KOH, H2O, reflux

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7
Q

Haloalkane to nitrile

A

Substitution reaction

KCN or NaCN, ethanolic solution, reflux

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8
Q

Haloalkane to Amine

A

Substitution reaction
Conc NH3, heated in sealed tube
(Excess ethanolic ammonia, heat)

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9
Q

Nitrile to amine

A

Reduction reaction

LiAlH4 then dilute acid OR Na and ethanol, reflux OR H2, Ni/Pt catalyst, high temperature and pressure

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10
Q

Amide to amine

A

Reduction reaction

LiAlH4

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11
Q

Amide to Nitrile

A

Elimination reaction

P2O5, distillation

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12
Q

Nitrile to Amide

A

Hydrolysis,

H2O, Acid/base catalyst

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13
Q

Nitrile to carboxylic acid

A

Hydrolysis

Dilute HCl, reflux

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14
Q

Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

A

Substitution reaction,

SOCl2 or PCl3, reflux

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15
Q

Acyl chloride to amide

A

Acylation

Conc NH2, room temp

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16
Q

Amide to Carboxylic acid

A

Hydrolysis

H2SO4, heat

17
Q

Carboxylic acid to alcohol

A

Reduction

LiAlH4

18
Q

Alcohol to Carboxylic acid

A

Oxidation reaction

Cr2O7(2-), H+, reflux

19
Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

Elimination reaction,

Conc. H2SO4 or H3PO4, 170 degrees

20
Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

Addition reaction

Conc H3PO4, steam, 300*C 60atm

21
Q

Alcohol to ketone

A

Oxidation reaction

Cr2O7(2-), H+, reflux

22
Q

Alcohol to aldehyde

A

Oxidation reaction,

Cr2O7(2-), H+, distillation

23
Q

Ketone to alcohol

A

Reduction reaction

NaBH4 or LiAlH4

24
Q

Aldehyde to alcohol

A

Reduction reaction

NaBH4 or LiAlH4

25
Q

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A

Oxidation reaction

CR2O7(2-), H+, reflux

26
Q

Aldehyde to amine

A

Substitution reaction

LiAlH4, the dilute nitric acid. OR Na and ethanol, reflux. Or H2, Ni/Pt catalyst, high temp and pressure

27
Q

Acyl chloride to ester

A

Acylation reaction

Alcohol, room temp/20 degrees

28
Q

Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

A

Hydrolysis reaction

Cold H2O

29
Q

Aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

A

Addition reaction

HCN

30
Q

Hydroxynitrile to carboxylic acid

A

Oxidation

Dilute HCl, reflux

31
Q

Carboxylic acid to ester

A

Esterification reaction

Alcohol, acid catalyst, heat

32
Q

Ester to carboxylic acid

A

Hydrolysis reaction

Dilute acid or alkali, reflux

Chemistry A2 Rafa (8 decks)

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