synthesis summary reactions thing

Question 1

all reactions usuing concentrates sulfuric / nitic / phosphoruc acid catalysts

Answer 1

• dehydration of alcohols forming alkenes (sulfuric)
• alcohols and carboxylic acids forming ester(sulf/phos)
• sulfonation (sulf)
• nitration ( sulf+nitr mixture)

Question 2

using acids catalysts

Answer 2

acid catalysed hydration

Question 3

using lithium aluminium hydride dissolved in ether

Answer 3

• reduction of aldehydes/ketones forming alcohols

- carboxylic acid + lithium alu.. forming alcohol

Question 4

using aq KOH/NaOH

Answer 4

nucleophilic sub of monohaloalkane forming alcohol

Question 5

using KOH in hot ethanol

Answer 5

base induced elimination of monohaloalkanes

Question 6

using oxidising agents (copper oxide, acidified dichromate, acidified potassium permangante )

Answer 6

• alcohols reacting with oxidising agents to form aldehydes/ketones
• oxidising alcohols to form carboxylic acid
• oxidising aldehydes to form carboxylic acid

Question 7

using aq acid / an alkali

Answer 7

• hydrolysing nitrile to form carboxylic acid ( acid)
• hydrolysing amides ( acid/ alkali)
• hydrolysing esters ( acid/alkali)

Question 8

using methoxide in alcohol ( eg potasssium methoxide in methanol ) ( alcoholic alkoxides)

Answer 8

• nucleophilic substitition of monohaloalkane to form ether

Question 9

using ethanolic potassium cyanide

Answer 9

nucleophilic sub of monohaloalkanes forming nitriles

Question 10

catalyst of nickel / platinum

Answer 10

electrophilic addition of alkene - hydrogenation

Question 11

catalyst alcl3

Answer 11

alkylation of benzene

Question 12

catalyst alcl, iron(iii) chloride

Answer 12

chlorination

Question 13

catalyst AlBr iron(iii)Br

Answer 13

bromination