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Chem Module 6 > Synthesis routes > Flashcards

Synthesis routes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the reagents needed to form a nitrophenol from a phenol?

A

Dilute HNO3

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2
Q

What does dilute HNO3 do to a phenol?

A

Converts it into a nitrophenol

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3
Q

What are the reagents needed to form 2,4,6-tribromophenol from a phenol?

A

Br2

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4
Q

What does Br2 do to a phenol?

A

Converts it into 2,4,6-tribromophenol

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5
Q

What are the reagents needed to form a sodiumphenoate salt from a phenol?

A

NaOH(aq)

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6
Q

What does NaOH(aq) do to a phenol?

A

Converts it into a sodiumphenoate salt (+H2O)

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7
Q

What are the reagents needed to form a methylbenzene from a benzene?

A

ALCL3
CH3CL

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8
Q

What do ALCL3 and CH3CL do to a benzene?

A

Converts it into a methylbenzene

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9
Q

What are the reagents needed to form a phenylketone (acetophenone) from a benzene?

A

CH3COCL
ALCL3

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10
Q

What do CH3COCL and ALCL3 do to a benzene?

A

Convert it into a phenylketone (acetophenone)

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11
Q

What are the reagents needed to form 1-phenylethylalcohol from a phenylketone (acetophenone)?

A

NaBH4

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12
Q

What does NaBH4 do to phenylketone (acetophenone)

A

Converts it into 1-phenylethylalcohol

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13
Q

What are the reagents needed to form a nitrobenzene from a benzene?

A

conc. HNO3
conc. H2SO4

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14
Q

What do conc. HNO3 and conc. H2SO4 do to benzene?

A

Convert it into a nitrobenzene

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15
Q

What are the reagents needed to from a phenylamine from a nitrobenzene?

A

Sn
conc. HCL

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16
Q

What do Sn and conc. HCL do to nitrobenzene?

A

Convert it into a phenylamine

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17
Q

What are the reagents needed to form 2,4,6-tribromophenylamine from phenylamine?

A

Br2

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18
Q

What does Br2 do to phenylamine?

A

Converts it into 2,4,6-tribromophenylamine

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19
Q

What are the reagents needed to form a bromobenzene from a benzene?

A

Br2
ALBr3

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20
Q

What do Br2 and ALBr3 do to benzene?

A

Convert it into bromobenzene

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21
Q

What are the reagents needed to form a chlorobenzene from a benzene?

A

CL2
ALCL2

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22
Q

What do CL2 and ALCL3 do to benzene?

A

Convert it into chlorobenzene

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23
Q

What reagents are needed to form an alkane from an alkene and what are the conditions?

A

H2
Ni catalyst
150 degrees

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24
Q

What type of reaction happens when converting an alkene to an alkane?

A

Electrophilic addition

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25
What reagents are needed to form a haloalkane fom an alkene?
Hydrogen halide
26
What type of reaction happens when converting an alkene to a haloalkane?
Electophilic addition
27
What reagents are needed to form an alcohol from an alkene and what are the conditions?
Steam H3PO4 300 degrees 60 atm
28
What type of reaction happens when converting an alkene to an alcohol?
Electrophilic addition
29
What reagents are needed to form a haloalkane from an alkane?
Halogen UV light
30
What type of reaction happens when converting an alkane to a haloalkane?
Free radical substitution
31
What reagents are needed to form an alcohol from an haloalkane and what are the conditions?
NaOH reflux
32
What type of reaction happens when converting a haloalkane to an alcohol?
Nucleophilic substitution
33
What reagents are needed to form a haloalkane from an alcohol and what are the conditions?
Sodium halide H2SO4 reflux
34
What type of reaction happens when converting an alcohol to a haloalkane?
nucleophilic substitution
35
What reagents are needed to form an alkene from an alcohol and what are the conditions?
conc. H2SO4 heat
36
What type of reaction happens when converting an alcohol to an alkene?
Elimination
37
What reagents are needed to form an aldehyde from a primary alcohol and what are the conditions?
K2Cr2O7 H2SO4 distilation
38
What type of reaction happens when converting an alcohol to an aldehyde?
Oxidation
39
What reagents are needed to form a carboxylic acid from a primary alcohol and what are the conditions?
K2Cr2O7 H2SO4 reflux
40
What type of reaction happens when converting an alcohol to a carboxylic acid?
Oxidation
41
What reagents are needed to form a ketone from a secondary alcohol and what are the conditions?
K2Cr2O7 H2SO4 reflux
42
What type of reaction happens when converting an alcohol to a ketone?
Oxidation
43
What reagents are needed to form an ester from a primary alcohol?
Carboxylic acid conc. H2SO4 or/// Acid anhydride
44
What type of reaction happens when converting an alcohol to an ester?
Condensation / esterification
45
What reagents are needed to form an ester from a carboxylic acid?
Alcohol conc. H2SO4
46
What type of reaction happens when converting a carboxylic acid to an ester?
Condensation
47
What reagents are needed to form an acyl chloride from a carboxylic acid?
SOCL2
48
What type of reaction happens when converting a carboxylic acid to an acyl chloride?
Substitution
49
What reagents are needed to form a carboxylic acid from an ester and what are the conditions?
dilute HCL reflux
50
What type of reaction happens when converting an ester to a carboxylic acid?
Hydrolysis
51
What reagents are needed to form an ester from an acyl chloride?
Alcohol
52
What type of reaction happens when converting an acyl chloride to an ester?
Nucleophilic addition-elimination
53
What reagents are needed to form a carboxylic acid from an acyl chloride?
H2O
54
What type of reaction happens when converting an acyl chloride to a carboxylic acid?
Hydrolysis
55
What reagents are needed to form a primary amide from an acyl chloride?
NH3
56
What type of reaction happens when converting an acyl chloride to a primary amide?
Nucleophilic addition-elimination
57
What reagents are needed to form a secondary amide from an acyl chloride?
Primary amine
58
What type of reaction happens when converting an acyl chloride to a secondary amide?
Nucleophilic addition-elimination
59
What reagents are needed to form a carboxylate from an ester and what are the conditions?
ddilute NaOH reflux
60
What type of reaction happens when converting an ester to a carboxylate?
Alkaline hydrolysis
61
What reagents are needed to form a nitrile from a haloalkane and what are the conditions?
KCN ethanol reflux
62
What type of reaction happens when converting a haloalkane to a nitrile?
Nucleophilic substitution
63
What reagents are needed to form an amine from a haloalkane and what are the conditions?
NH3 ethanol heat under pressure
64
What reagents are needed to form an amine from a nitrile and what are the conditions?
H2 Ni catalyst 150 degrees
64
What type of reaction happens when converting a haloalkane to an amine?
Nucleophilic substitution
65
What type of reaction happens when converting a nitrile to an amine?
Electrophilic addition
66
What reagents are needed to form a carboxylic acid from a nitrile and what are the conditions?
H2O HCL heat
67
What type of reaction happens when converting a nitrile to a carboxylic acid?
Hydrolysis
68
What reagents are needed to form an alcohol from a ketone and what are the conditions?
NaBH4 heat
69
What type of reaction happens when converting a ketone to an alcohol?
nucleophilic addition
70
What reagents are needed to form an alcohol from an aldehyde and what are the conditions?
NaBH4 heat
71
What type of reaction happens when converting an aldehyde to an alcohol?
nucleophilic addition
72
What reagents are needed to form a hydroxynitrile from a ketone?
NaCN H+
73
What type of reaction happens when converting a ketone to a hydroxynitrile?
Nucleophilic addition
74
What reagents are needed to form a hydroxynitrile from an aldehyde?
NaCN H+
75
What type of reaction happens when converting an aldehyde to a hydroxynitrile?
Nucleophilic addition
76
What reagents are needed to form a carboxylic acid from a hydroxynitrile and what are the conditions?
H2O HCL heat
77
What type of reaction happens when converting a hydroxynitrile to a carboxylic acid?
Hydrolysis
78
What reagents are needed to form an amine from a hydroxynitrile and what are the conditions?
H2 Ni catalyst 150 degrees
79
What type of reaction happens when converting a hydroxynitrile to an amine?
Electrophilic addition

Chem Module 6 (2 decks)

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