Synthesis of DNA Flashcards
List the steps of PCR.
Denaturation
Annealing
Elongation
List the required components of PCR.
Template DNA dNTPs and ddNTPs RNA Polymerase RNA Primer Buffer Taq DNA Polymerase
Define exonuclease activity.
Enzymes that work by cleaving nucleotides one at a time from the end (exo) of a polynucleotide chain.
Define chromatin.
The material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA.
Define nucleosome.
A structural unit of a eukaryotic chromosome, consisting of a length of DNA coiled around a core of histones.
What are “p” and “q” arms.
P arms - Small arms
[centromere]
Q arms - Long arms
Compare centromeres and telomeres.
[telomere]
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[centromere]
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[telomere]What is dideoxy/Sanger sequencing?
A method of DNA sequencing based on the selective incorporation of chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides by DNA polymerase during in vitro DNA replication.
What is next generation sequencing?
NGS is massively parallel, sequencing millions of fragments simultaneously per run. This high-throughput process translates into sequencing hundreds to thousands of genes at one time. NGS also offers greater discovery power to detect novel or rare variants with deep sequencing.
What is whole genome sequencing?
Whole genome sequencing is ostensibly the process of determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism’s genome at a single time.
RNA Sequencing.
RNA-Seq (named as an abbreviation of “RNA sequencing”) is a particular technology-based sequencing technique which uses next-generation sequencing (NGS) to reveal the presence and quantity of RNA in a biological sample at a given moment, analyzing the continuously changing cellular transcriptome.
Exome Sequencing.
A genomic technique for sequencing all of the protein-coding regions of genes in a genome (known as the exome). It consists of two steps: the first step is to select only the subset of DNA that encodes proteins.
