Synthesis

Question 0

What is the difference between molecules prepared synthetically in the laboratory and naturally produced molecules?

Answer 0

• synthetically prepared molecules contain a mixture of optical isomers
• molecules produced naturally by enzymes in living systems will often be present as one optical isomer only

Question 1

What does the synthesis of pharmaceuticals require?

Answer 1

The production of a single optical isomer

Question 2

Advantages and disadvantages of synthesis of a pharmaceutical that is a single optical isomer?

Answer 2

• increases costs due to difficulty in separating the optical isomers
• reduces possible side effects and improves pharmacological activity.

Question 3

Name three ways modern synthesis of a pharmaceutical with a single optical isomer is often carried out?

Answer 3

1. Using enzymes as biological catalysts- manufacturers can use purified enzymes or enzyme-containing microorganisms
2. Chiral pool synthesis - makes use of pool of naturally occurring chiral molecules within the synthetic route. Including natural alpha amino acids and sugars
3. Use of transition element complexes - to produce chiral catalysts.

Question 4

What is a common chiral drug used at home?

Answer 4

Ibuprofen