Synthesis 2

Question 1

What are haloalkanes and what are they used for

Answer 1

Alkanes where a hydrogen is replaced with halogen

Used in anaesthestic, pharmaceuticals and solvents

Question 2

How to name haloalkanes

Answer 2

Name like a branched alkane.
Use prefixes fluoro, chloro, bromo,iodo
Eg. 1- chlorobutane

Question 3

What reactions are haloalkanes involved in

Answer 3

Elimination reactions & nucleophilic substitutions

Question 4

Describe elimination reactions using haloalkanes

Answer 4

Eliminates a hydrogen and the halogen to form an alkene + water + halogen (negative)
Known as base induced elimination
Base (KOH) dissolved in hot ethanol

Question 5

What is the mechanism for Nucleophilic substitution of haloalkanes

Answer 5

C-X halogen takes both electrons, nucleophile attacks positive c
C-Nucleophile + X-

Question 6

What are the examples of nucleophilic substitution of haloalkanes ( in order product, nucleophile, conditions)

Answer 6

1. Amine - NH3, ammonia
2. Alcohol - OH-, aqueous KOH/NaOH
3. Nitrile - CN-, KCN/NACN in ethanol
4. ether - CH3O, alcoholic potassium alkoxide (eg. Potassium methoxide in methanol)