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Chemistry > Synthesis > Flashcards

Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

NaOH(aq) or KOH(aq) + monohaloalkane

A

Alcohol (Nucleophilic substitution)

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2
Q

NaOH(eth) or KOH(eth) + monohaloalkane

A

alkene (elimination)

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3
Q

Alcoholic alkoxide(dissolved in alcohol used to make it) + monohaloalkane

A

Ether (Nucleophilic substitution)

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4
Q

Example of alcoholic alkoxide?

A

Contains alkoxide ion RO- e.g CH3O-

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5
Q

KCN(eth) or NaCN(eth) (Ethanolic cyanide) + monohaloalkane

A

Nitrile (Nucleophilic substitution)

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6
Q

Example of ethanolic cyanide?

A

KCN or NaCN

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7
Q

What does the hydrolysis of a nitrile form?

A

A carboxylic acid

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8
Q

What mechanism do tertiary haloalkanes favour and why?

A

Sn1 because of steric hinderance and inductive stabilisation

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9
Q

What carbocation is most stable?

A

tertiary carbocation

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10
Q

Br2/Cl2 + alkene

A

dihaloalkane (electrophilic addition) triangular intermediate structure

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11
Q

Hydrogen halide ( H—X) + alkene

A

monohaloalkane (electrophilic addition)

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12
Q

Markovnikovs rule?

A

The X atom in H—-X bonds to the carbon with the most carbons attached to it

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13
Q

H2O + alkene

A

Alcohol (acid catalysed hydration)

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14
Q

Primary amine?

A

NH2 ( 1 H replaced)

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15
Q

Secondary amine?

A

NH (2 H replaced)

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16
Q

Tertiary amine?

A

N (All H replaced)

17
Q

Why is X the minor product? (refer to markovnikovs rule)

A

less stable carbocation

18
Q

How to form ketones?

A

oxidise secondary alcohol

19
Q

How to form aldehyde or carboxylic acid?

A

oxidise primary alcohol

20
Q

what is used to reduce ketones and aldehydes?

A

Lithium aluminium hydride/ LiAlH4

21
Q

Benzene + halogen (catalyst AlCl3/AlBr3 or FeCl3/AlBr3)

A

Halogenation

21
Q

Benzene + concH2SO4

A

Sulfonation

21
Q

Benzene + concH2SO4 and concHNO3

A

Nitration

22
Q

Benzene + haloalkane (catalyst AlCl3)

A

Alkylation

23
Q

Amine + Carboxylic acid

A

alkylammonium salt

24
Q

Alkylammonium salt + heat

A

Amide

Chemistry (11 decks)

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