Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AH Chemistry > Synthesis > Flashcards

Synthesis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the process of bond breaking known as?

A

Bond fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two types of bond fission?

A

Homolytic and heterolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Homolytic fission:

A
  • results in the formation of two neutral radicals
  • occurs when each atom retains one electron from the covalent
    sigma bond and the bond breaks evenly
  • normally occurs when non-polar covalent bonds are broken
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why is homolytic fission inappropriate for organic synthesis?

A

Reactions involving homolytic fission tend to result in the formation of
very complex mixtures of products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Heterolytic fission:

A
  • results in the formation of two oppositely charged ions
  • occurs when one atom retains both electrons from the sigma
    covalent bond and the bond breaks unevenly
  • normally occurs when polar covalent bonds are broken
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Single headed arrow…

A

Indicates the movement of a single electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Double headed arrow…

A

Indicates the movement of an electron pair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tail of the arrow…

A

Shows the source of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Head of the arrow…

A

Shows the destination of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Two single-headed arrows starting at the middle of a covalent bond…

A

Indicates that homolytic fission is occuring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A double-headed arrow starting at the middle of a covalent bond…

A

Indicates that heterolytic fission is occuring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

An arrow drawn with the head pointing to the space between two atoms…

A

Indicates that a covalent bond will be formed between those two atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nucleophiles:

A
  • negatively charged ions or neutral molecules that are electron
    rich, such as Cl, Br, OH, CN, NH3 and H2O
  • attracted towards atoms bearing a partial delta+ or full positive
    charge
  • capable of donating an electron pair to form a new covalent bond
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Electrophiles:

A
  • positively charged ions or neutral molecules that are electron
    deficient, such as
    H+, NO2+, and SO3
  • attracted towards atoms bearing a partial delta− or full negative
    charge
  • capable of accepting an electron pair to form a new covalent bond
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What reaction types can be identified from a chemical
equation?

A
  • substitution
  • addition
  • elimination
  • condensation
  • hydrolysis
  • oxidation
  • reduction
  • neutralisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly

AH Chemistry (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions