SYNTAX

Question 1

Syntax

Answer 1

the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

Question 2

grammar

Answer 2

the whole system and structure of a language or of languages in general, usually taken as consisting of syntax and morphology (including inflections) and sometimes also phonology and semantics.

Question 3

phonological

Answer 3

relating to the system of contrastive relationships among the speech sounds that constitute the fundamental components of a language.

Question 4

morphological

Answer 4

relating to the forms of words, in particular inflected forms.

Question 5

semantic information

Answer 5

the meaningful knowledge that is encoded in memory and is crucial for accessing and retrieving memories.

Question 6

syntactic argumentation

Answer 6

an expression that helps complete the meaning of a predicate, the latter referring in this context to a main verb

Question 7

syntactic analysis

Answer 7

is the relationship between words and focuses on understanding the logical meaning of sentences or parts of sentences.

Question 8

internal structure

Answer 8

the arrangement and organization of the different components within a word

Question 9

constituents

Answer 9

is a word or a group of words that function as a single unit within a hierarchical structure

Question 10

phrases

Answer 10

any group of words, or sometimes a single word, which plays a particular role within the syntactic structure of a sentence

Question 11

hypothesise

Answer 11

an assumption or concession made for the sake of argument

Question 12

pronominalisation

Answer 12

the process or fact of using a pronoun instead of another sentence constituent

Question 13

pro-form

Answer 13

a word or phrase that can take the place of another word (or word group) in a sentence

Question 14

wh-pronoun

Answer 14

who, which, whom, what and whose

Question 15

argumentation

Answer 15

an expression that helps complete the meaning of a predicate

Question 16

coordination test

Answer 16

one of the traditional diagnostic tests for constituent structure

Question 17

conjunction

Answer 17

a part of speech that connects words, phrases, or clauses, which are called its conjuncts

Question 18

gapping

Answer 18

a type of ellipsis that occurs in the non-initial conjuncts of coordinate structures

Question 19

sentence-fragment test

Answer 19

a sentence that is missing either its subject or its main verb

Question 20

empirical evidence

Answer 20

information gathered directly or indirectly through observation or experimentation that may be used to confirm or disconfirm a scientific theory or to help justify, or establish as reasonable, a person’s belief in a given proposition

Question 21

interpretations

Answer 21

Language has many different functions and Linguistic Interpretation attempts to connect language with meaning

Question 22

structural ambiguity

Answer 22

the presence of two or more possible meanings within a single sentence or sequence of words

Question 23

head

Answer 23

In linguistics, the head or nucleus of a phrase is the word that determines the syntactic category of that phrase

Question 24

prepositional phrases

Answer 24

a group of words consisting of a preposition, its object, and any words that modify the object

Question 25

adjective phrases

Answer 25

is a phrase that’s headed by an adjective and provides context, clarity, or details that support that adjective.

Question 26

verb phrases

Answer 26

the part of a sentence containing the verb and any direct or indirect object, but not the subject

Question 27

adverb phrases

Answer 27

a group of words that acts as an adverb to modify the main clause of a sentence

Question 28

Syntactician

Answer 28

the study of the structure of language, the study of how words can be combined together into sentences

Question 29

word-classes

Answer 29

the different categories of words used in grammar

Question 30

syntactic categories

Answer 30

is a syntactic unit that theories of syntax assume

Question 31

parts-of-speech

Answer 31

lexical category to which a word is assigned based on its function in a sentence

Question 32

lexical categories

Answer 32

a syntactic category for elements that are part of the lexicon of a language

Question 33

past tense suffix

Answer 33

Adding the suffix -ed to a verb can form the past tense of that verb

Question 34

predicate

Answer 34

The predicate of a sentence describes either what the subject is doing or the state of the subject

Question 35

adverbials

Answer 35

a term used in both general and academic writing to describe a word that can modify an adjective, verb, or entire sentence

Question 36

matrix clause

Answer 36

a clause that contains a subordinate clause

Question 37

main clause

Answer 37

a group of words that includes a subject and a verb and can form a sentence

Question 38

subordinate clauses

Answer 38

a clause in a sentence which adds to or completes the information given in the main clause

Question 39

subject-verb agreement

Answer 39

the grammatical rule that the subject and verb in a sentence should use the same number, person, and gender

Question 40

case forms

Answer 40

a change in the form of a word which indicates how that word is used in a sentence