Syntax Flashcards

1
Q

syntax

A

sentence structure

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2
Q

grammar

A

phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic information and rules that speakers of a given language possess

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3
Q

pronominalisation

A

the substitution of a constituent by a pronoun.

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4
Q

pro-form

A

also known as pronoun

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5
Q

movement

A

test for constituency

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6
Q

coordination test

A

test that states it is
only constituents that can be coordinated by the coordinating conjunction
and

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7
Q

sentence-fragment test

A

test for a group of words that lacks one or more of three things

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8
Q

structural ambiguity

A

different interpretations arise through different sentence structures assigned to the same strings of words

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9
Q

head

A

most important element of a phrase

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10
Q

noun phrases

A

phrases headed by a noun

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11
Q

PPs

A

prepositional phrases

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12
Q

APs

A

adjective phrases

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13
Q

ADVPs

A

adverb phrases

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14
Q

projections

A

head projects its properties onto the phrase as a whole

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15
Q

word-classes, syntactic categories, parts-of-speech, or lexical categories

A

adjectives, nouns, verbs, prepositions

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16
Q

determiners

A

a larger class

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17
Q

phrase structure rules

A

generates sentences

18
Q

subordinate clauses

A

sentences inside other sentences

19
Q

clause

A

syntactic unit that consists minimally of a verb phrase and its subject.

20
Q

Sentences

A

largest syntactic units and they are made up of one or more clauses

21
Q

matrix clause

A

superordinate clause

22
Q

main clause

A

clauses that can stand on their own

23
Q

predicate

A

auxiliary and main verbs in a sentence

24
Q

subject-verb agreement

A

syntactic process which requires subject and verb to share the same person and number features.

25
Q

case forms

A

forms that mark the grammatical function of noun phrases in a sentence or phrase

26
Q

transitive verbs

A

Verbs that need an object

27
Q

intransitive verbs

A

verbs that cannot take
an object

28
Q

ditransitive

A

verbs that can take two objects

29
Q

direct object

A

One of the objects denotes an entity that
undergoes the action or process denoted by the verb.

30
Q

indirect object

A

the other object denotes the goal, the recipient or the beneficiary of the event denoted by the verb

31
Q

adverbial

A

constituents that provide information about the circumstances of the
action denoted by the verb and its subject and object(s)

32
Q

adverb

A

name of a word-class

33
Q

complement

A

semantically and structurally highly dependent
sister constituents of heads

34
Q

predicative complements

A

do not behave like objects also in an important other respect, i.e. they cannot be
passivised

35
Q

modifier

A

a word or phrase intended to change, or modify, another part of the sentence, typically the subject

36
Q

Diction

A

defines the style of written or spoken language, representing the choices a speaker or writer makes within the rules of grammar and syntax

37
Q

run-on sentence

A

absence of punctuation

38
Q

Oxford comma

A

(also called the serial comma) to separate the last item on the list

39
Q

word choice

A

the rules of syntax offer the most leeway

40
Q

Sentence Structure

A

syntax; makes sentences clear and consistent