Syntax

Question 1

Syntax

Answer 1

The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

Question 2

Grammar

Answer 2

Refers to the complete system of phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic information and rules that speakers of a given language possess.

Question 3

Constituents

Answer 3

A word or a group of words that function as a single unit within a hierarchical structure

Question 4

Phrases

Answer 4

A small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause.

Question 5

Pronominalisation

Answer 5

The process or fact of using a pronoun instead of another sentence constituent

Question 6

Pro-form

Answer 6

A type of function word or expression that stands in for (expresses the same content as) another word, phrase, clause or sentence where the meaning is recoverable from the context.

Question 7

Wh-pronoun

Answer 7

Wh- words can appear in both direct questions and indirect questions, and they are used to begin wh-clauses.

Question 8

Movement

Answer 8

If a string of words can be moved to other sentential positions, it is proof of the string’s being a constituent.

Question 9

Sentential Position

Answer 9

Subjects that would ordinarily be analyzed as sentences.

Question 10

Coordination Test

Answer 10

According to which it is only constituents that can be coordinated by the coordinating conjunction and.

Question 11

Gapping

Answer 11

A type of ellipsis that occurs in the non-initial conjuncts of coordinate structures

Question 12

Sentence-Fragment Test

Answer 12

A group of words punctuated improperly as if it were a complete sentence, starting with a capital letter and ending with a period or other end punctuation.

Question 13

Structural Ambiguity

Answer 13

Occurs when a phrase or sentence has more than one underlying structure.

Question 14

Phrases

Answer 14

A group of words or singular word acting as a grammatical unit

Question 15

Head

Answer 15

The word that determines the syntactic category of that phrase.

Question 16

Noun Phrases

Answer 16

Phrase that has a noun or pronoun as its head or performs the same grammatical function as a noun.

Question 17

Prepositional Phrases

Answer 17

Group of words containing a preposition, a noun or pronoun object of the preposition, and any modifiers of the object.

Question 18

Adjective Phrases

Answer 18

A phrase that contains an adjective. As a whole, an adjective phrase is a phrase that acts as an adjective by describing a noun.

Question 19

Verb Phrases

Answer 19

Syntactic unit composed of a verb and its arguments except the subject of an independent clause or coordinate clause.

Question 20

Adverb Phrases

Answer 20

A type of sentence or group of words that has the same ultimate meaning as an adverb.

Question 21

Projects

Answer 21

Properties onto the phrase as a whole.

Question 22

Projections

Answer 22

The phrase structure component of generative-transformational grammar.

Question 23

Word-Classes

Answer 23

Every word belongs to a word class, which summarizes the ways in which it can be used in grammar.

Question 24

Syntactic Categories

Answer 24

Set of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties: word order, and cooccurrence requirements.

Question 25

Parts-of-Speech

Answer 25

Indicates how the word functions in meaning as well as grammatically within the sentence.

Question 26

Lexical Categories

Answer 26

Are classes of words (e.g., noun, verb, preposition), which differ in how other words can be constructed out of them.

Question 27

Determiners

Answer 27

Are a nominal syntactic category distinct both from adjectives and nouns, despite the close affinity among them.

Question 28

Phrase Structure Rules

Answer 28

A type of rewrite rule used to describe a given language’s syntax and are closely associated with the early stages of transformational grammar,

Question 29

Subordinate Clauses

Answer 29

Clauses that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence; it merely complements a sentence’s main clause, thereby adding to the whole unit of meaning.

Question 30

Clause

Answer 30

A constituent that comprises a semantic predicand (expressed or not) and a semantic predicate.

Question 31

Sentences

Answer 31

Defined as the largest syntactic units and they are made up of one or more clauses.

Question 32

Matrix Clause

Answer 32

Is a clause that contains a subordinate clause.In terms of function, a matrix clause determines the central situation of a sentence.

Question 33

Main Clause

Answer 33

Refers to clauses that can stand on their own.

Question 34

Predicate

Answer 34

The part of a sentence or clause that is not the subject but asserts a property, action, or condition of the subject.

Question 35

Subject-Verb Agreement

Answer 35

The grammatical concept that the subject of a sentence must align with the main verb of that same sentence.

Question 36

Case Forms

Answer 36

That mark the grammatical function of noun phrases in a sentence or phrase.

Question 37

Transitive Verbs

Answer 37

Verbs that need an object.

Question 38

Intransitive Verbs

Answer 38

Verbs that cannot take an object (e.g. sleep, laugh).

Question 39

Adverbial

Answer 39

Are defined as constituents that provide information about the circumstances of the action denoted by the verb and its subject and object(s).

Question 40

Complement

Answer 40

A word, phrase, or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a given expression.