Syntax Flashcards
order: basic
subject + verb + object
order: interrupted
a sentence that is interrupted by a parenthetical aside
order: inverted
begins with a part of the sentence than the subject; used to delay revealing what the sentence is about, to create tension or suspense, and to connect ideas between sentences more clearly
order: listing
a sentence with multiple phrases that create a list
order: cumulative/loose
begins with subject and verb and adds modifying elements at end
order: periodic
opens with modifiers, withholds subject and verb until the end
order: parallelism- antithesis
established a clear, contrasting relationship between two ideas by joining them together or juxtaposing them, often in parallel structure
order: parallelism- chiasmus
a crossing parallelism, where the second part of a grammatical construction is balanced or paralleled by the first part, only in reverse order
order: parallelism- balanced
expressing parallel or like ideas - often compound
declarative sentence
sentence that declares or states something
imperative sentence
commands, requests, or instructs; subject is usually unstated “you”
exclamatory sentence
expresses strong emotion; with “!”
interrogative sentence
asks a question
simple sentence
at least one subject, at least one predicate; can stand alone b/c it expresses a complete thought
compound sentence
contains two or more independent clauses
complex sentence
contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses
compound-complex sentence
contains two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses
ellipses
rhetorical figure in which one or more words are omitted
asyndeton
omission of a conjunction from a list; gives the affect of unpremeditated multiplicity, or an extemporaneous rather than a labored account
anadiplosis
rhetorical trope formed by repeating last word of one phrase, clause, or sentence at or very near the beginning of the next; done for beauty or to give a sense of logical progression
anaphora
repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences
epistrophe
repetition of the same word(s) used that end of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences; opposite of anaphora
polysyndeton
use of a conjunction between each word, phrase, or clause; opposite of asyndeton; feeling of multiplicity, energetic enumeration, and building up
parenthetical aside
consists of a word, phrase, or whole sentence inserted as an aside in the middle of another sentence
colon
punctuation mark used to divide distinct but related sentence components such as clauses in which the second elaborates on the first, or to introduce a list, quotation, or speech
semi-colon
connects two independent parts of a sentence
dashes
used to indicate a sudden break in thought, to set off parenthetical material
