Synovial Joints Flashcards
plane
non axial, uniaxial, biaxial, or multi axial?
nonaxial
hinge
non axial, uniaxial, biaxial, or multi axial?
uniaxial
pivot
non axial, uniaxial, biaxial, or multi axial?
uniaxial
condylar
non axial, uniaxial, biaxial, or multi axial?
biaxial
saddle
non axial, uniaxial, biaxial, or multi axial?
biaxial
ball-and-socket
multiaxial
flexion
a movement, generally in the sagittal plane, that decreases the angle of the joint and reduces the distance between two bones (ie hinge joints and ball-and-socket joints)
extension
a movement that increases the angle of a joint and the distance between two bones or parts of the body; opposite of flexion
hyperextension
extension that processes beyond anatomical position
abduction
movement of a limb away from the midline of the body, along the frontal plane, or the fanning movement of the fingers or toes when they are spread apart
adduction
movement of a limb toward the midline of the body or drawing the fingers or toes together; the opposite of abduction
rotation
movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis without lateral or medial displacement; common movement of ball-and-socket joints and also describes the movement of the atlas around the dens of the axis
circumduction
a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction commonly observed in ball-and-socket joints like the shoulder. The limb as a whole outlines a cone.
pronation
movement of the palm of the hand from an anterior or upward-facing position to a posterior or downward-facing position; radius and ulna form an X
supination
movement of the palm of the hand from a a posterior position to an anterior position (the anatomical position); radius and ulna are parallel
dorsiflexion
a movement of the ankle joint that lifts the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin
plantar flexion
a movement of the ankle joint in which the foot is flexed downward as if standing on one’s toes or pointing the toes
inversion
a movement that turns the sole of the foot medially
eversion
a movement that turns the sole of the foot laterally
plane joint
non axial; gliding
flat or slightly curved bones
hinge
uniaxial; flexion and extension
a rounded or cylindrical bone fits into a concave surface on the other bone
pivot
uniaxial; rotation
a rounded bone fits into a sleeve (concave bone plus a ligament)
condylar
biaxial; flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction
an oval condyle fists into an oval depression on the other bone
saddle
biaxial; flexion, extension adduction, and abduction
articulating surfaces are saddle shaped; one surface is concave, the other convex
