Synovial Joints Flashcards
What do the bone ends (the body congruence) determine?
The range of motion at the joint.
What is the recipe for all synovial joints?
Bone ends, articular cartilage, joint capsule, joint cavity, synovial membrane, ligaments
What is the joint capsule made of?
Outer layer = DFCT
Inner layer = synovial membrane
What does the inner layer of synovial membrane do?
Secretes synovial fluid (which lubricates the joint and gets nutrients to avascular structures)
What does the joint capsule do?
Holds the bones together. It is tight and thick where more support is required and looser where movement is allowed.
What are capsular ligaments?
In some joints, thickenings of capsule are present where more support is needed. Eg. the ones in the knee are medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
What are intracapsular ligaments?
In some joints, additional bands of DCFT located internally to the capsule hold bones together. eg. ACL and PCL in knee
What are fibrocartilaginous pads?
In some joints, small structures made of fibrocartilage: fill in space, provide cushioning/shockk absorption and/or deepen articulations
There is a trade off between stability and mobility in joints. What do synovial joints cater for more of?
Mobility
Range of motion in a joint is determined by what?
Bone end shape, ligament location and length, body surface contact, muscles
What are the planes of synovial joint movement?
Uniaxial (one axis), Biaxial (two axis), Multiaxial (multiple axis).
Does the axis of the joint movement run perpendicular to the plane of movement?
Yes
List the types of synovial joints
Ball and socket, hinge, plane, pivot, saddle, condylar, ellipsoid
What axis of movement does a plane joint have?
Multiaxial. Sliding and gliding in all directions
What axis of movement does a hinge joint have?
Uniaxial. Flexion and extension
