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HUBS191 - Bone and Biomechanics > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What makes the chemical level of tissue

A

Atoms combine to form molecules

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2
Q

How is the cellular level of tissue made

A

Molecules interact to form cells

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3
Q

How is the tissue level made

A

cells that secrete and regulate extracellular material and fluids combine

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4
Q

The four tissue types are…

A

Epithelial tissue, Connective tissue, Muscle tissue and Nervous tissue

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5
Q

Epithelial tissue includes…

A

Glands and Epithelia

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6
Q

The two types of glands in epithelial tissue are…

A

Exocrine glands and endocrine glands

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7
Q

The functions of epithelial tissue are…

A

Provide physical protection, control permeability, provide sensation and produce specialised secretions

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8
Q

The three types of connective tissue are…

A

Connective tissue proper, Fluid connective tissue and supporting connective tissue

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9
Q

The two types of connective tissue proper are…

A

Loose and dense

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10
Q

The two types of fluid connective tissue are…

A

Blood and Lymph

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11
Q

The two types of supportive connective tissue are…

A

Cartilage and bone

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12
Q

Collagen fibres…

A

Are the stitchwork that holds us together and forms most organs. It is stiff.

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13
Q

Elastic fibres…

A

Provide some movement/flexability in organs

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14
Q

The three types of muscle tissue are…

A

Skeletal muscle tissue, cardial muscle tissue and smooth muscle tissue

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15
Q

Muscle tissue does what…

A

Contracts to provide movement

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16
Q

Nervous tissue does what…

A

Conducts electrical impulses and carries information.

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17
Q

What does feedback do

A

React to a situation

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18
Q

What does feedforward do

A

Anticipate a situation

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19
Q

What does the anatomical position look like

A

Upright, face forwards, feet together, palms face forwards

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20
Q

Anterior

A

Closer to the front

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21
Q

Posterior

A

Closer to the back

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22
Q

Superior

A

Closer to the head

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23
Q

Inferior

A

Closer to the feet

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24
Q

Medial

A

Closer to the midline

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25
Q

Lateral

A

Further away from the midline (outside the body)

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26
Q

Proximal (used to describe limbs)

A

Further up limb (closer to trunk)

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27
Q

Distal (used to describe limbs)

A

Further down limb

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28
Q

Superficial

A

Closer to the surface (can touch/feel it)

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29
Q

Deep

A

Further from the surface (can’t touch it)

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30
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Down the middle (separates left from right)

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31
Q

Coronal

A

Through the middle (separates front from back)

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32
Q

Transverse

A

Slices in half (separates top from bottom)

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33
Q

Flexion

A

Decreases the angle (brings fleshy parts of limbs closer together)

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34
Q

Extension

A

Increases the angle (fleshy parts of limbs further away)

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35
Q

Hyper-extension

A

Decreases the angle again (fleshy bits coming closer together again)

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36
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Toes up (ankle flexion)

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37
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Toes down (ankle extension)

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38
Q

Flexion and extension are movements in what plane?

A

Sagittal Plane

39
Q

Adduction and abduction are movements in what plane?

A

Coronal Plane

40
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of limbs AWAY (could be spreading fingers apart too)

41
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of limbs TOWARDS (could be closing fingers too)

42
Q

Inversion

A

Sole of foot faces towards midline

43
Q

Eversion

A

Sole of foot faces away from midline

44
Q

Circumduction

A

Combination of four movements: Flexion, abduction, extension, adduction. NO ROTATION.

45
Q

Rotation

A

Movement of a bone around its axis

46
Q

Lateral rotation

A

Rotation outwards (externally)

47
Q

Medial rotation

A

Rotation inwards (internal)

48
Q

Pronation

A

Palm faces posterior

49
Q

Supination

A

Palm faces anterior

50
Q

What does gross mean in anatomy

A

BIG

51
Q

What does sexually dimorphic mean

A

Different between male and female

52
Q

What are the functions of the skeleton

A

Support, Movement, Protection, Storage, Red Blood Cell Formation

53
Q

What are the two types of bone tissue called

A

Compact and cancellous

54
Q

What is the purpose of compact bone

A

Good at transmitting force in one direction, strong

55
Q

Where is compact bone found

A

Found down the shafts and most long bits of the bone

56
Q

What is the purpose of cancellous bone

A

Shock absorbing, resists/channels force from multiple directions (it is light and spongy, criss cross pattern takes the force from multiple directions)

57
Q

Where is cancellous bone found

A

Often found at the ends of bones

58
Q

What are the four bone classes

A

Long, Short, Flat and Irregular

59
Q

How do you identify long bones

A

They are longer than they are wide

60
Q

What are the three sections of long bones

A

Proximal epiphysis, Diaphysis and Distal epiphysis

61
Q

What is the medullary cavity?

A

Where red blood cell formation occurs (inside the bone).

62
Q

How do you identify short bones

A

They are close to equal width and length

63
Q

What is a short bone’s main role

A

Weight bearing from multiple directions (hence they are made of mostly cancellous bone)

64
Q

What is a long bones main role

A

Act as levers for movement/Good at facilitating movement

65
Q

What is a flat bones main role(s)

A

Muscle attachment and protection

66
Q

What is a flat bone made of

A

Mostly compact bone, but some cancellous too

67
Q

What is an irregular bone

A

Any bone that doesn’t fit into the other three bone categories. They have various shapes and functions.

68
Q

What are the divisions of the skeleton

A

Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton

69
Q

What makes up the axial skeleton

A

skull, sternum, ribs, vertebral column, sacrum, coccyx.

70
Q

What makes up the appendicular skeleton

A

the bones of the limbs

71
Q

What is the axial skeletons main role

A

protection of vital organs

72
Q

what is the appendicular skeletons main role

A

movement

73
Q

What are the two sections of the skull

A

Cranium (vault) and Facial bones

74
Q

What is the facial bones role

A

To protect and support the sensory organs

75
Q

What are the divisions of the vertebral column

A

Cervical, Thoracic and Lumbar

76
Q

How many vertebrae are in the cervical section of the vertebral column

A

7 (breakfast at 7)

77
Q

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic section of the vertebral column

A

12 (lunch at 12)

78
Q

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar section of the vertebral column

A

5 (dinner at 5)

79
Q

What other sections make up the vertebral column

A

Sacrum and Coccyx

80
Q

What is the rib cage made of

A

Ribs and sternum

81
Q

How many ribs are there

A

24 Total. 12 on each side. They connect to each vertebrae in the thoracic section

82
Q

What are the four regions of your limbs

A

Arm, forearm, thigh, leg (top to bottom)

83
Q

What are the sections of the hand

A

Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges

84
Q

How many carpals are there

A

8

85
Q

How many metacarpals are there

A

5

86
Q

How many phalanges are there

A

14 (only 2 in the thumb)

87
Q

What are the sections of the foot called

A

Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges

88
Q

How many tarsals are there

A

7

89
Q

How many metatarsals are there

A

5

90
Q

How many phalanges are there

A

14

91
Q

How many hip bones are there

A

2!

92
Q

What bones make up the pelvis

A

Pelvic bones + Sacrum

93
Q

What are the differences between male and female pelvic anatomy

A

Females have a more circular pelvic cavity and a wider pelvic outlet

94
Q
A

HUBS191 - Bone and Biomechanics (11 decks)

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