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Other Body Fluids > Synovial Fluid > Flashcards

Synovial Fluid Flashcards

1
Q

Where is synovial fluid found?

A

In the movable joints (diarthoroses) or synovial joints

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2
Q

The joint is enclosed by_____ made of____?

A

Synovial membrane and made of synoviocytes (cells)

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3
Q

As well as lubrication synovial fluid_____?

A

provides nutrients to articular cartilage

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4
Q

Synoviocytes secrete?

A

mucopolysaccharide containing hyalrulonic acid. hyalrulonate molecules contribute to viscosity

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5
Q

Damage to articular membranes is called?

A

Arthritis

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6
Q

What are the 4 classifications of arthritis?

A
  • non-inflammatory
  • inflammatory (immunologic)
  • septic (bacterial)
  • hemorrhagic (traumatic)
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7
Q

Excessive accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in synovial fluid is associated with?

A

Gout

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8
Q

MSU is a byproduct of?

A

Purine metabolism

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9
Q

What can cause MSU excess leading to gout?

A
  • High protien diet
  • uric acid from kidneys and bowels
  • asprin and diuretic drugs
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10
Q

What other conditions are associated with synovial fluid? (5)

A
  • Pseudogout (CPPD crystals)
  • Lyme Arthritis
  • Scleroderma
  • Septic arthritis
  • Hemarthrosis
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11
Q

How is synovial fluid collected?

A

Arthrocentesis

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12
Q

what is the normal amount of synovial fluid? (eg in the knee)

What can happen with inflammation to this amount?

A

3.5 mL

increase up to 25 mL

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13
Q

Fluid from a diseased joint may contain fibrinogen and clot, how is this collected?

A

Needle moistened with heparin

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14
Q

How is the collected sample distributed? ( 4 tubes)

A
  1. heparinized tube for gram stain and culture
  2. heparin / EDTA tube for cell count
  3. non-antocoag tube for other tests (MUST centrifuge)
  4. Sodium flouride tube for glucose analysis
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15
Q

What color is normal synovial fluid?

what causes a depper yellow color?

green color?

Milky appearance?

A
  • colorless to pale yellow
  • inflammatory and non-inflammatory effusions
  • bacterial infection
  • crystals present
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16
Q

Normal viscosity in synovial fluis is a string from a syringe?

A

4 - 6 cm

17
Q

Viscosity: Hyalrulonate polymerizarion is measured using?

A
  • Ropes or mucin clot test
    • 2 - 5% acetic acid; normal forms clot surrounded by clear fluid
18
Q

What is the most frequent test performed on synovial fluid?

A

Total Leukocyte Count (TLC)

19
Q

What is considered a normal WBC count?

in severe infection?

A

<200 cells uL

>100,000 in severe infection

20
Q

Very viscous synovial fluid is treated with?

This is also done before slide preperation for differential counts of synovial fluid.

A

Hyalrulonidase

21
Q

Pseudogout is associated with what type of arthritis?

What crystals are seen in the above?

A
  • degenerative arthritis
  • Calcium pyrophosphate (CPPD)
22
Q

T/F: MSU and CPPD crystals are reported as intracellularly and extracellularly in neutros?

A

True

23
Q

Seen as needle shaped crystals seen extracellularly or within the cytoplasm?

A

MSU

24
Q

Rhombic shaped/ square but may appear as short rods. located within vaculoles?

A

CPPD

25
Q

Which crystals lyse phagosome mebranes so are not seen in vacuoles?

A

MSU

26
Q

Which crystal is more highly bifringent and appears brighter against a dark background?

A

MSU

27
Q

Which crystals molecules run parallel to the long axis, slow light less impeded and produces a yellow color?

A

MSU

28
Q

Which cystal’s molecules run perpendicular to the long axis and fast light is much quicker producing a blue color?

A

CPPD

29
Q

The most frequently requested test is?

What is the glucose value based on?

A
  • glucose
  • blood gluosed and not more 10 mg/dL lower than blood value
30
Q

Normal synovial protein contained is?

**Uric acid levels is related to gout so may also be tested for**

A

<3 g/dL

31
Q

Microbiologic tests: what medium should be included and why?

A

Enriched like Chocolate agar because hemopholus species and N. gonorrjoeae can infect synovial fluid

32
Q

Arthritis exten of inflammation can be determined testing?

A

Acute phase reactance like fibrinogen and C reative protien

Other Body Fluids (6 decks)

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