Synopsis of the Philippine Flashcards
What did Magellan name the island?
Archipelago of San Lazaro.
Who was the commander of the fourth expedition that named the Philippines?
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos.
Who was appointed as the first Governor-General of the Philippines in 1565?
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi.
Why did Legazpi choose Manila as the capital?
Because of its natural harbor.
What movement emerged due to Spanish abuses and suppression?
The Propaganda Movement.
What was the goal of the Propaganda Movement?
To achieve equality between Filipinos and Spaniards.
What event in 1896 gave momentum to Filipino rebels?
the arrest and execution of Dr. Jose Rizal.
Who founded the secret society of the Katipunan?
Andres Bonifacio.
What was the first significant attack by the Katipunan?
The attack on the Spanish garrison in San Juan.
What was the outcome of Aguinaldo’s victories in Cavite?
He was elected as head of the Katipunan.
Who led the successful attacks against the Guardia Civil in Cavite?
Emilio Aguinaldo.
What constitution did Aguinaldo draft?
The constitution for the Republic of Biak-na-Bato.
In what year was the Republic of Biak-na-Bato established?
1897
What issue arose between the Spanish government and Aguinaldo in 1897?
An impasse during negotiations.
What did Aguinaldo accept from the Spaniards in exchange for his exile?
An amnesty and US$ 800,000.
Where was Aguinaldo exiled after the negotiations?
Hong Kong.
On what date did the Americans, led by Admiral George Dewey, attack the Spanish Navy in Manila Bay?
May 1, 1898.
Who participated alongside Admiral Dewey during the attack on Manila Bay?
Emilio Aguinaldo.
What treaty resulted in the cession of the Philippines to the United States?
The Treaty of Paris.
How much did the U.S. pay Spain for the Philippines?
US$ 20 million.
On what date did Emilio Aguinaldo declare Philippine independence?
June 12, 1898.
What was the U.S. response to Aguinaldo’s declaration of independence?
The U.S. opposed it and planned to take over the colony.
What type of conflict ensued between Filipinos and Americans after the declaration of independence?
A guerrilla war.
Who was appointed as the first U.S. governor of the Philippines in 1901?
William Howard Taft.
What law established an elected Filipino legislature in 1916?
The Jones Law.
What was established by the Tydings-McDuffie Act in 1934?
The Commonwealth of the Philippines.
What promise did the Tydings-McDuffie Act include regarding Philippine independence?
Independence by 1946.
Who won the presidential election for the Commonwealth of the Philippines on May 14, 1935?
Manuel L. Quezon.
When did the Philippines gain independence from the United States?
July 4, 1946.
What new nation was formed upon Philippine independence?
The Republic of the Philippines.
On what date did Japan invade the Philippines?
December 8, 1941.
Where did Gen. Douglas MacArthur retreat during the invasion?
Bataan.
Where did the Commonwealth government of President Quezon move?
Corregidor Island.
Why was Manila declared an open city?
to prevent further destruction.
On what date did Bataan fall to Japanese forces?
April 9, 1942.
When did Corregidor fall?
March 1942.
Where did MacArthur and Quezon go into exile?
Washington D.C.
Who did President Quezon advise to head the Japanese civilian government?
Dr. Jose P. Laurel.
What was the hope behind Quezon’s advice to Laurel?
that collaboration would lead to less brutality by the Japanese.
In what year did Gen. MacArthur and President Sergio Osmeña return to the Philippines?
October 1944.
Who assumed the presidency after Quezon’s death?
Sergio Osmeña.
What was the outcome of MacArthur’s return in 1944?
The liberation of the Philippines from the Japanese.
