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Readings in Philippine History > Synopsis of the Philippine > Flashcards

Synopsis of the Philippine Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Magellan name the island?

A

Archipelago of San Lazaro.

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2
Q

Who was the commander of the fourth expedition that named the Philippines?

A

Ruy Lopez de Villalobos.

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3
Q

Who was appointed as the first Governor-General of the Philippines in 1565?

A

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi.

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4
Q

Why did Legazpi choose Manila as the capital?

A

Because of its natural harbor.

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5
Q

What movement emerged due to Spanish abuses and suppression?

A

The Propaganda Movement.

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6
Q

What was the goal of the Propaganda Movement?

A

To achieve equality between Filipinos and Spaniards.

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7
Q

What event in 1896 gave momentum to Filipino rebels?

A

the arrest and execution of Dr. Jose Rizal.

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8
Q

Who founded the secret society of the Katipunan?

A

Andres Bonifacio.

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9
Q

What was the first significant attack by the Katipunan?

A

The attack on the Spanish garrison in San Juan.

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10
Q

What was the outcome of Aguinaldo’s victories in Cavite?

A

He was elected as head of the Katipunan.

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11
Q

Who led the successful attacks against the Guardia Civil in Cavite?

A

Emilio Aguinaldo.

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12
Q

What constitution did Aguinaldo draft?

A

The constitution for the Republic of Biak-na-Bato.

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13
Q

In what year was the Republic of Biak-na-Bato established?

A

1897

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14
Q

What issue arose between the Spanish government and Aguinaldo in 1897?

A

An impasse during negotiations.

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15
Q

What did Aguinaldo accept from the Spaniards in exchange for his exile?

A

An amnesty and US$ 800,000.

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16
Q

Where was Aguinaldo exiled after the negotiations?

A

Hong Kong.

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17
Q

On what date did the Americans, led by Admiral George Dewey, attack the Spanish Navy in Manila Bay?

A

May 1, 1898.

18
Q

Who participated alongside Admiral Dewey during the attack on Manila Bay?

A

Emilio Aguinaldo.

19
Q

What treaty resulted in the cession of the Philippines to the United States?

A

The Treaty of Paris.

20
Q

How much did the U.S. pay Spain for the Philippines?

A

US$ 20 million.

21
Q

On what date did Emilio Aguinaldo declare Philippine independence?

A

June 12, 1898.

22
Q

What was the U.S. response to Aguinaldo’s declaration of independence?

A

The U.S. opposed it and planned to take over the colony.

23
Q

What type of conflict ensued between Filipinos and Americans after the declaration of independence?

A

A guerrilla war.

24
Q

Who was appointed as the first U.S. governor of the Philippines in 1901?

A

William Howard Taft.

25
Q

What law established an elected Filipino legislature in 1916?

A

The Jones Law.

26
Q

What was established by the Tydings-McDuffie Act in 1934?

A

The Commonwealth of the Philippines.

27
Q

What promise did the Tydings-McDuffie Act include regarding Philippine independence?

A

Independence by 1946.

28
Q

Who won the presidential election for the Commonwealth of the Philippines on May 14, 1935?

A

Manuel L. Quezon.

29
Q

When did the Philippines gain independence from the United States?

A

July 4, 1946.

30
Q

What new nation was formed upon Philippine independence?

A

The Republic of the Philippines.

31
Q

On what date did Japan invade the Philippines?

A

December 8, 1941.

32
Q

Where did Gen. Douglas MacArthur retreat during the invasion?

A

Bataan.

33
Q

Where did the Commonwealth government of President Quezon move?

A

Corregidor Island.

34
Q

Why was Manila declared an open city?

A

to prevent further destruction.

35
Q

On what date did Bataan fall to Japanese forces?

A

April 9, 1942.

36
Q

When did Corregidor fall?

A

March 1942.

37
Q

Where did MacArthur and Quezon go into exile?

A

Washington D.C.

38
Q

Who did President Quezon advise to head the Japanese civilian government?

A

Dr. Jose P. Laurel.

39
Q

What was the hope behind Quezon’s advice to Laurel?

A

that collaboration would lead to less brutality by the Japanese.

40
Q

In what year did Gen. MacArthur and President Sergio Osmeña return to the Philippines?

A

October 1944.

41
Q

Who assumed the presidency after Quezon’s death?

A

Sergio Osmeña.

42
Q

What was the outcome of MacArthur’s return in 1944?

A

The liberation of the Philippines from the Japanese.

Readings in Philippine History (9 decks)

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