Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUNC > Syndromes > Flashcards

Syndromes Flashcards

1
Q

Dejerine’s Medial Medullary

A

-ventromedial medulla
-ipsi CNXII palsy
-contra hemi
Alexia without agraphia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Wallenburgs lateral medullary (PICA)

A

vestibular, ICP, nuc ambiguus, spinal trigeminal tract, spinothalamic, descending sympathetic

  • vertigo, ataxia
  • paralysis of ipsi palate and vocal cord
  • loss of pain and temp sensation: ipsi face, contra body
  • ipsi horners, loss of facial sweating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Avellis

A

Lat medulla

  • ipsi palate and vocal cord
  • loss of pain/temp sensation: ipsi face, contra body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Millard Gubler

A

Pons

  • Ipsi LMN facial paralysis, contra hemi
  • ipsi weakness of eye abduction (CNVI)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Foville’s

A

dorsomedial pons

  • Ipsi LMN facial paralysis
  • ipsi congugate gaze paralysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Raymond’s

A

ventral pons

  • ipsi abducens palsy, contra hemi
  • bilaterally is locked in/basilar artery thrombosis cause
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Weber’s (PCA)

A
  • ipsi oculomotor palsy

- contra hemi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Parinaud’s e.g. pineal tumour presses on..

A

..post commisure, pre tectal area, sup colluculi

  • paralysis of conjugate upgaze
  • with convergence retracting nystagmus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Benedikt’s

A
  • Webers+red nucleus and contra cerebellum fibres
  • ipsi occulomotor palsy
  • contra hemiparesis
  • tremor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Claude’s (PCA-midbrain)

A
  • Ipsi oculomotor palsy

- contra cerebellar ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nothnagel’s (+SCP)

A
  • ipsi oculomotor palsy

- ipsi cerebellar ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lateralpontine/Marie Fox (AICA)

A

(like Wallenburg but 7&8)

  • vertigo,ataxia
  • loss of pain/temp sensation: ipsi face, contra body
  • ipsi central deafness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Brown Sequard

A
  • ipsi hemi and loss of proprioception

- contra loss of pain/temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hemimedullary Reinhold (vertebral)

A
  • CNXII ipsi palsy, conta hemi
  • vertigo, ataxia
  • ipsi palate and vocal cord paralysis
  • ipsi Horner’s
  • loss of facial sweating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Top of the basilar S.

A
  • causes bilateral thalamic ischemia
  • visual/occulomotor deficit
  • behavioural abnormalities
  • drowsy/dreamlike state
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Artery of Percheron Infarct aka

this is a variant when both medial thalami are supplied by branches off one trunk of PCA

A

Paramedian Thalamic S.

  • altered mental status
  • vetical gaze palsy
  • memory impairment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Destructive unilateral frontal lesion patient looks

A

towards the lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Unilateral frontal lobe seizure patient looks

A

away from the lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gerstmann’s

A
  • Dominant (L) Inf parietal lobule (39+40)
  • agraphia, dyscalcula, finger agnosia/anomia
  • L/R disorientation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dejerine-Roussy S. (thalamic stroke VP)

A
  • central thalamic pain s.

- allodynia and dysaesthesia replace numbness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cavernous sinus s. (CSS) -tumours, aneurysm, stroke..

A
  • opthalmoplegia, proptosis
  • ocular and conjunctivial congestion
  • trigeminal sensory loss
  • Horner’s syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ramsay Hunt s. / Herpes Zoster Oticus

A
  • shingles affecting CNVII geniculate ganglion
  • facial palsy
  • external ear blisters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Central Cord S e.g. syringomyelia, neck trauma..

A

loss of motion and sensation in arms and hands (brachiofacial)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Dandy Walker

A
  • congen. no medial/lat apertures
  • large 4th ventriccle, small cerebellum
  • developmental delay, poor tone/balance/coordination
  • jerky eye movements, vision/hearing impairments
  • seizures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Arnold Chiari malformation

A

posterior fossa contents in cervical spine

can have downbeat nystagmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Anterior Chord s.

A

ischemia of ant spinal artery/artery of adamkiewicz

  • complete motor paraysis
  • loss of pain/temp sensation distal to lesion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Talk and Die s

A
  • pterion fracture, ruptured MMA

- extradural haemotoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Recurrent artery of heubner stroke (distal part of medial striate artery off ACA)

A

disrupts ant limb of internal capsule supply

  • contra brachiofacial weakness
  • chorea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Ant Choroidal artery s.

A

Damages int capsule, thalamus, optic chiasm…

  • contra brachiofacial weakness
  • contra hemianopia
  • contra hemianaesthesia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Anton’s / Visual Anosognosia

A

Bilateral occipital lobe damage

  • cortical blindness
  • pateint adamant they can see
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Neglect s.

A
  • right parietal lesion
  • hemispatial neglect, hemiinattention
  • (+/- anosognosia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia / Tic Doloureux e.g. tumour, MS, blood vessels pressing on root…

A
  • lancinating pain in CNV teritorry

- the suicide disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A
  • swollen/compressed CNVII e.g. herpes zoster
  • LMN facial paralysis, no sparing
  • crocodile tears, aberant reinervation lacrimal/salivary glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Balint’s S. (parietal lobe lesions)

A
  • oculomotor ataxia (cant move eyes to object)
  • optic ataxia (cant reach for what your looking at)
  • visual simulatgnosia (cant percieve whole field)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Jacksonian Seizures

A

focal motor seizures spreading from distal limb to ipsi face along motor homunculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Akinetic Mutism (bilateral frontal lesions eg. ACA

A

cant move/speak but follow observer with eyes and are diverted by sound
-coma vigil - lights on, no one home, not paralysed but cant will themselves to move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Tolosa Hunt S.

A

inflammation at orbital apex/granulatomous inflamm of cavernous sinus

  • painful opthalmoplegia/extraocular palsies
  • severe unilateral headaches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Babinski - Nageotte S. (dorsolateral medulla, e.g syphylis) -CNXII spared

A
  • ipsi cerebellar ataxia
  • conta hemi
  • ipsi Horner’s s.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Cestan- Chenais S. same as Babinski-Nageotte but

A

(-conta hemi, ipsi Horner’s s. ) NO cerebellar ataxia as post spinocerebellar tract is spared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM) e.g. caused by

A
  • too rapid correction of hyponatremia pulls water from brain cells
  • quadriplegia
  • bulbar weakness, dysphagia, dysarthria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Brissaud Sicard S. (small pontine stroke)

A

CNVII motor nucleus and corticospinal tract

-ipsi facial cramps, contra hemi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Gasperini S. (pontine lesion)

A

(abducens, facial and trigeminal nucleus and tract)

  • abducens and facial nerve palsy
  • pain/temp sensation loss: ipsi face, contra body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Conus Medullaris

A
  • sudden, bilateral
  • ankle reflexes affected
  • more low back pain
  • urinary retention, overflow incontinence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Cauda Equina

A
  • gradual, unilateral, ankle and knee jerk affected
  • more radicular pain, numbness at saddle area
  • loss of sensation in specific dermatomes
  • urinary retention presents much later
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

INO-internuclear opthalmoplegia

A
  • lesion (brainstem infarction, MS..) in MLF
  • affected eye has imparied adduction
  • contra eye adducts with nystagmus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

One and a Half S.

A
  • total lateral gaze palsy on one side
  • INO on other eye
  • unilateral lesion to paramedian pontine reticular formation and to ipsilateral MLF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Argyl Robertson Pupil

A
  • tertiary syphylis, pupils are bilaterally small

- can accomodated to close object but not react to light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Holmes Adie Pupil

A
  • more in females, post gang parasymp fibre damage
  • mydriasis, doesnt contrict to light
  • loss of deep tendon reflexes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Marcus Gunn Pupil/RAPD

A
  • lesion in optic nerve (glaucoma, MS, retinal disease)

- decreased pupillary response in affected eye

50
Q

Devic’s Disease/NMO-Neuromyelitic Optica

A
  • immunological attacks on optic and cervical cord

- demyelination -> loss of vision

51
Q

Medical CNIII palsy

A

-(vascular/diabetic) pupil sparing as the parasympathetic fibres are spared as these are located peripherally so are affected last

52
Q

2 causes of a surgical/compressive CNIII lesion

A
  • external lesion impinging on parasymp fibres

- post communicating artery lesion

53
Q

Cushing’s triad

A
  • intercranial HT
  • arterial HT
  • reflex bradycardia
54
Q

Hakim’s Triad

A
  • normal pressure hydrocephalus

- incontinence, dementia, gait ataxia

55
Q

Physiological anisocoria

A

-1 pupil bigger than other

56
Q

Pain asymbolia in anterior cingulotomy is done by…

and causes…

A
  • bilateral lesion for chronic depression/pain/OCD#

- feels pain but doesnt care

57
Q

Ventricular Shunt placement

A
  • right frontal

- left parieto-occipital (protects visuospatial)

58
Q

non-targeted brain biopsy

A

-at right frontal lobe

59
Q

Charcot’s artery of brain haemorrhage (60%)

A

-lateral lenticulostriate usually HT

60
Q

Fetal post. communicating artery is…

origins from

A
  • PCOM is larger than PCA, occurs in 1/3rd people

- originates from the ICA

61
Q

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A
  • vit B1/thiamine deficiency, opthalmoparesis, nystagmus, ataxia, korsakoff’s psychosis
  • confabulation
62
Q

Abnormal cutaneous plantar reflex=

A

Babinski’s, upgoing plantars, sign of UMN lesion

63
Q

Primitive Reflexes

A
  • frontal pathology

- palmomental, suckling/rooting, paratonia

64
Q

Striae of Gennari

A
  • white myelinated band in V1

- layer IV (int granule)

65
Q

Giant Cells of Betz

A
  • layer 5 of cortex (int pyramidal)

- grey matter, only in paracentral lobule

66
Q

Common HT haemorrhage sites

A
  • 60% putamen
  • 10% basal pons
  • 10% cerebellum
67
Q

Common C of Willis aneurysm sites

A
  • Ant communicating Artery 35%
  • Internal carotid branched 30%
  • MCA branches 25%
68
Q

Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord aka

Lichtheim’s Disease

A
  • B12, vit E or copper deficiency
  • degeneration of post and lateral columns of cord
  • affects dorsal columns and cortiospinal tract
69
Q

Motor neurone disease/ALS

A

-combined upper and LMN signs

70
Q

Abulia

A
  • apathy, loss of initiative/drive, passivity

- follows ACA stroke or bifrontal tumour

71
Q

behavioural disinhibition lesion site

A

-frontal esp orbital lesions

72
Q

Lesion sites that can cause apraxia (motor planning to perform tasks):

A
  • left post. parietal Cx
  • SLF
  • left frontal
  • genu of corpus callosum
73
Q

Agnosia

A

-cant recognise in a specific modality

74
Q

Decorticare posturing

A
  • upper limbs flex

- sign of severe brain damage

75
Q

Decerebrate posturing

A
  • upper limbs extend

- sever lower brainstem lesion at rubrospinal tract

76
Q

Midline cerebellar lesions cause

A

truncal ataxia

77
Q

Lateral cerebellar lesions cause..

also … can cause this too

A

..dysarthria/clumsy hand

..also lacular infarct of basal pons can cause this too

78
Q

Transtentorial herniation

A

-CNIII compression (sluggish pupil –> blown)

79
Q

Tonsilar herniation is

A

-coning due to increased ICPresuure, avoid lumbar puncture with supratentorial mass lesions

80
Q

Hemiballismus cause

A

subthalamic nucleus stroke

81
Q

Fusiform gyrus lesions

  • Left:
  • Right:-
A
  • Left: dyslexia

- Right: prosopagnosia

82
Q

Sommer’s sector of Hippocampus

A

CA1: autobigrophical and detailed memory recall

-esp vulnerable to hypoxic/ischemic injury

83
Q

3 Causes of anosmia

A
  • ant cranial fossa fracture
  • olfactory groove meningioma
  • PD
84
Q

Astereognosia is..

caused by lesion at

A

cant recognise objects by exploratory touch

.parietal association cx (5)

85
Q

Acoustic Neuroma/Schwannoma of the CPA:

-CN affected, symptoms

A

affects CNVII and CNVIII
Causes ataxia
1st symptom is hearing loss, then tinitis

86
Q

Emotional incontinence (crying/laughing) caused by

A

pseudopulbar palsy in corticobulbar tract

87
Q

Downbeat nystagmus due to lesion at …. or …..

A

cervicomeddullary junction or cerebral aqueduct

88
Q

Rest/pill rolling tremor is due to…

vs intention tremor is due to…

A

rest. .PD

intention. .cerebellar

89
Q

Stamp and stick gait in

A 
tabes dorsalis (dorsal column demyelination)
syphyslis
90
Q

Sup sagittal sinus thrombosis sign

A

is a delta sign on CT that is contrast enhanced

91
Q

Gelastic seizures are…

caused by….

A

sudden involuntary laughter/crying

due to lesion/haemorrhage in hypothalamus

92
Q

Posterior disconnection Syndrome of Dejerine (left PCA stoke)

A
  • lesion to splenium of CC
  • alexia without agraphia
  • L. occipital lobe and splenium infarcted but R is intact so can see but cant communicate via splenium with language areas so words not recognised
93
Q

Meningiomas.. .

A
  • usually benign, slow growing, may express progesterone receptors
  • arise from arachnoid granulations (lots around dural venous sinuses) These come from arachnoid cap cells
94
Q

Craniosynostosis

A

Premature fusion of cranial sutures

95
Q

Transverse fracture of Petrous temporal bone->CNVII palsy….

A

as CNVII emerges at CPA to enter petrous portion of temporal bone via int auditory meatus before SM foramen

96
Q

Cerebellar Cognitive Affective S.

A
  • post lobe cerebellar central hemisphere damage

- personality/behaviour change, language and working memory impaired

97
Q

Craniopharyngioma

A
  • calcified epithelial tumours often in suprasellar region

- compresses Optic Chiasm from above so causes loss of inf. visual field initially

98
Q

Ant Medial perforated area:

A

-from Ant. communicating artery e.g. recurrent artery of Heubner

99
Q

Ant Lateral perforated area:

A

-Lenticulostriate (from MCA-M1) most lateral one is Charcot’s artery of microaneuyrsms

100
Q

Post medial perforated area:

A

in the interpeduncular fossa are the thalamoperforators

101
Q

Post lateral perforated area:

-what syndrome would a lesion here cause?

A

are the thalamogeniculate arteries from PCA going to VPNuclei and geniculates.
Lesion here causes Dejerine-Roussy S.

102
Q

Lenticulostriate occlusion damage to

  • ant limb of IC would cause:
  • post limb of IC would cause:
A

Ant limb: dysarthria and facial weakness

Post limb: pure motor hemiplegia

103
Q

CNIV palsy, superior oblique. Some patients..

Maximum diplopia when…

A
  • head tilts towards lesion, some tilt away

- Maximum diplopia when…depressing the inturned eye

104
Q

Corneal reflex afferent and efferent limb

A

afferent: V1 (common touch sensation)
efferent: V2 (zygomatic and temporal branch)

105
Q

Fornix lesion would cause:

A
  • anterograde amnesia

- esp no episodic (daily) memories

106
Q

Uncinate fasiculus lesions may cause…

connects inf frontal lobe and lateral temporal lobe

A

social anxiety, Alzeimhers, bipolar, major depression

107
Q

CNVII transection at facial canal/middle ear symptoms:

A
  • LMN ipsi facial paralysis, taste and salivation impaired (chorda tympani)
  • hyperacuses (loss of stapedius)
  • no loss of lacrimation at sup. petrosal nerve already branched
108
Q

Weak LR will show diplopia upon:

Where may CNVI be damaged?

A

far lateral gaze

in cavernous sinus as runs close to ICA here so in an ICA lesion may be affected

109
Q

What 3 vessels form the int. cerebral veins? Where?

A
  • thalamostriate, choroidal and septal veins

- below fornix in roof of 3rd ventricle in velum interpositum

110
Q

What joins int cerebral veins to form Great vein of Galen? Where?

A

L&R Basal veins of Rosenthal from ant. perforated area

-formed by deep middle cerebral vein + ant cerebral vein

111
Q

Galen -> which sinuses?

A

-> stright –> left transverse

112
Q

Where does the central retinal artery originate from?

How does it enter orbit?

A

opthalmic artery of internal carotid

enters via optic canal

113
Q

ACA stroke causes

A

contralateral leg weakness

114
Q

What is the M1 area 4 in the medial paracentral lobule, anterior to the pars marginalis supplied by?

A

The paracentral branch of the ACA

115
Q

Where is the basal cistern?

A

Where circle of Willis is

116
Q

Captras syndrome is when

A

you believe your loved one is replaced by an imposter

117
Q

Freidrich’s ataxia is an inherited disorder (2-16yrs) that

A
  • affects spinocerebellar tracts hence no smooth motor control
  • unsteadiness and clumsiness presnts early, intention tremor later
118
Q

Brissaud Sicard S.

A

small pontine stroke affecting CNVII motor nucleus and corticospinal tract

  • ipsi facial cramps
  • contra hemi
119
Q

Gasperini S.

A

pontine lesion affecting abducens, facial and trigeminal nucleus and tract

  • abducens and facial nerve palsy
  • loss of pain/temp sensation: ipsi face, contra body
120
Q

The foramen of Loushka drains the 4th ventricle into the

A

Cerebellomedullary cistern

NUNC (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions