Syndromes Flashcards
Brown-Séquard Syndrome lesion location
Lesion: tumor or lesion to spinal cord
Brown-Sequard Syndrome structures affected
Posterior Column, spinothalamic tract, and lateral corticospinal tract
Brown-Sequard Syndrome symptoms
- ipsilateral loss of 2 pt tactile
- contralateral loss of of pain/temp
- ipsilateral loss of motor movement of limbs = neuroplagia
- sensory dissociation
Syringomyelia lesion location
Lesion: Cavitation in the central spinal cord
syringomyelia structures affected
- anterior while commissure
- lateral corticospinal tract (typically upper limbs)
syringomyelia symptoms
- bilateral loss of pain/temp in body
- possible localized loss of strength (hypertonia & hyperreflexia),
Medial medullary syndrome lesion location
Lesion: occlusion to anterior spinal or vertebral artery via perforating branches
Medial medullary syndrome structures affected
- pyramids
- medial lemniscus
- hypoglossal nuclei
Medial medullary syndrome symptoms
- contralateral loss of movement of limbs
- contralateral loss of 2 pt tactile, vibration, pressure, etc.
- ipsilateral weakness of tongue
Lateral Medullary Syndrome (Wallenberg’s Syndrome) lesion location
Lesion: occlusion to PCA or vertebral artery
Lateral Medullary Syndrome (Wallenberg’s Syndrome) structures affected
- inferior cerebellar peduncle
- spinal trigeminal tract
- spinothalamic tract
- solitary tract/nucleus
- vestibular nuclei
- nucleus ambiguous
Lateral Medullary Syndrome (Wallenberg’s Syndrome) symptoms
- ipsilateral ataxia
- ipsilateral loss of pain/temp to face
- contralateral loss of pain/temp to body
- ipsilateral loss of taste
- vertigo and nystagmus
- hoarseness and slurred speech
Medial Pontine Basis lesion location
Lesion: occlusion to paramedian branches of basilar artery (dorsal & ventral)
Medial Pontine Basis structures affected
- facial colliculus
- corticospinal & corticobulbar
- abducens nucleus
Medial Pontine Basis symptoms
1.contralateral weakness of face, arm, leg & dysarthria
2. ipsilateral weakness of face
3. ipsilateral horizontal gaze palsy
Foville’s Syndrome (Medial Pontine basis + Tegmentum)
MAYBE NOT ON TEST
Lesion: Medial pontine basis and tegmentum
- Symptoms:
o Contralateral weakness: Similar to pure motor hemiparesis.
o Ipsilateral facial weakness and horizontal gaze palsy: damage to
the facial colliculus.
Lateral Pontine syndrome lesion location
Lesion: occlusion to AICA
Lateral Pontine syndrome structures affected
- middle cerebellar peduncle
- vestibular nuclei
- trigeminal tract/nucleus
- spinothalamic tract
- descending sympathetic fibers
Lateral Pontine syndrome symptoms
- ipsilateral ataxia
- vertigo, nystagmus
- ipsilateral loss of pain/temp to face
- contralateral loss of pain/temp to body
- ipsilateral horner’s syndrome
Locked in syndrome lesion location
thrombosis in basilar artery
Locked in syndrome structures affected
- spinal trigeminal nucleus
- blocked basilar artery
- CN IX-XI
- midbrain is preserved
Locked in syndrome symptoms
(for my pair n share)
- can’t move body or face
- no horizontal eye movement
- couldn’t speak
- could blink/vertical eye movement
Weber’s Syndrome lesion location
Lesion: occlusion of paramedian vessel
Weber’s Syndrome structures affected
- corticospinal tract
- substantia nigra
- oculomotor nerve fascicles
Weber’s Syndrome symptoms
- contralateral loss of body movement
- action tremor’s during movement initiation
- ipsilateral CN III palsy
Claude’s Syndrome lesion location
Lesion: occlusion of paramedian vessel
Claude’s Syndrome structures affected
- rubrospinal tract (red nucleus)
- cerebellothalamic tract
- oculomotor nerve fascicles
Claude’s Syndrome symptoms
- contralateral ataxia
- contralateral limb clumsiness
- Ipsilateral CN III palsy
Benedikt’s Syndrome
Combination: Features of both Weber’s and Claude’s syndromes, including all the
symptoms listed above.
