Syncope

Question 1

Define Syncope

Answer 1

Syncope is a transient loss on consciousness due to reduced cerebral perfusion

Question 2

RSC

Syncope characteristics

Answer 2

• Rapid onset
• Short duration <20s
• Complete recovery

Question 3

3P’s

Vasovagal syncope

Reflex syncope

Answer 3

Uncomplicated faint
- Posture: prolonged upright
- Provoke: pain, fear, emotions
- Prodrome: pallor, clammy, nausea/vomiting

Question 4

Situational syncope

Reflex syncope

Answer 4

• Straining during micturition (usually while standing).
• Swallowing, defaecation.
• Coughing, sneezing.
• Post-exercise, laughing

Question 5

Define Carotid sinus syndrome

Answer 5

hypersensitivity of the carotid sinus baroreceptor, where pressure on one or other carotid artery causes syncope via a reflex bradycardic and/or hypotensive response

shaving, tightness around neck

Question 6

Define Presyncope

Answer 6

A feeling of light-headedness that would lead to syncope if corrective measures were not taken (e.g. sitting / lying down)

Question 6

Cardio related syncope

Answer 6

• Orthostatic hypotension
• MI / ischaemia
• Arrythmia: Tachy (SVT, VT), Brady (Heart block)
• Outflow obstruction: Aortic stenosis
• Cardiac tamponade

Question 7

Prodromal Sx

Answer 7

• Hypotension: Light headedness
• Cardiac: Palpitation
• ## Resp: SOB

Question 8

Recovery period

Answer 8

• Rapid –> cardiac cause

Question 9

Syncope Driving Rules

Answer 9

• Read up