Syncope

Question 1

Definition of Syncope

Answer 1

sudden, transient loss of consciousness and postural tone with spontaneous recovery

Question 2

Groups affected

Answer 2

1. children
2. pregnant mothers
3. elderly

Question 3

Neurocardiac/ Vasodepressor syncope

Answer 3

1. most common type
2. associated with some type of noxious stimuli such as pain, fear, exhaustion, or acute illness
3. Activation of sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system- fight or flight response

Question 4

Noncardiac syncope

Answer 4

1. Seizures
2. Orthostatic hypotension
3. Situational syncope
4. Hyperventilation
5. Metabolic deseases
6. Neurologic syncope

Question 5

Cardiac Syncope

Answer 5

1. Results from inadequate cardiac output; usually occurs as a result of serious underlying heart disease.
2. Common etiologies: electrical problems or mechanical problems within the heart muscle.
3. Cased by tachyarrhythmias, bradyarrhythmias, or pacemaker malfunction
   * left/right ventricular obstruction
   * Myocardial diseases

Question 6

Signs and Symptoms of Syncope

Answer 6

A. Appear several minutes before the actual loss of consciousness
B. Presyncopal/ prodromal symptoms
1. Sympathetic stimulations: pupil dilation, diaphoresis, excitation of the piloerector muscles
2. Weakness, dizziness, vertigo, or nausea

Question 7

Treatment of Syncope

Answer 7

1. Dental procedure suspended
2. All objects removed from oral cavity
3. If consciousness lost, supine position with feet elevated to facilitate blood return
4. Open airway; assess circulation
5. Tight clothing be loosened
6. Oxygen administered at 4-6 liters/min
7. Emergency help be summoned if unconsciousness persists
8. Do not administer ammonia inhalants
   9 Post-syncopal procedure