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Synpatic Plasticity > Synaptic plasticity and cognition > Flashcards

Synaptic plasticity and cognition Flashcards

1
Q

Define learning?

A

The process of acquiring information

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2
Q

Define memory?

A

The persistence of learning.

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3
Q

Name the two sections of memory?

A

Storage and retrieval

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4
Q

Name the forms of long term memory?

A

Procedural and declarative.

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5
Q

Name the two memories that are in the declarative section?

A

Semantic and episodic

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6
Q

What system is the hippocampus apart of?

A

The limbic system

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7
Q

What is the role of hippocampus?

A

Plays an important roles in consolidation of information from Short term to long term memory and spatial navigation

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8
Q

What sections of the brain are important in retrieval of memory?

A

Hippocampus

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9
Q

What sections of the brain are important in encoding of memory?

A

Hippocampus and other brain regions

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10
Q

Define synaptic plasticity?

A

Persistent upregulation or downregulation of synaptic strength

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11
Q

Define long-term potentiation (LTP)?

A

Persistent increase in synaptic plasticity following HFS

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12
Q

Define long-term depression (LTD)?

A

Persistent decrease in synaptic plasticity

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13
Q

Name the 4 processes that plasticity occurs?

A
  1. Neuronal development
  2. Learning and memory
  3. Ageing
  4. Response to trauma/disease
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14
Q

Define in vivo?

A

Taking place in the living organism

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15
Q

Define in vitro?

A

Taking place in the test tube.

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16
Q

Name the three properties of LTP?

A

Specificity.
Cooperativity
Associativity

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17
Q

Define specificity characteristic of the LTP?

A

Specific to the tetanized pathways. Non-tetanized input are not potentiated.

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18
Q

Define cooperativity characteristic of LTP?

A

LTP exhibits an intensity threshold. A strong stimulus can induce LTP- a weak cannot

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19
Q

Define associativity characteristic of LTP?

A

A weak input will be able to potentiate if a strong convergent input is activated at the same time

20
Q

What induces LTP?

A

Patterned stimulation

21
Q

Name the four types of stimulation?

A

Tetanic- robust but unphysiological.
Theta burst- more physiological.
Primed burst.
Realistic stimulation protocol

22
Q

What induces LTD?

A

Other patterned stimuli.

23
Q

Name the four phases of LTP induction?

A
  1. Post-tetanic potentiation.
  2. Early LTP
  3. Intermediate LTP
  4. Late LTP
24
Q

Define long term depression?

A

Reversal of LTP.

Gives LTP a low freq chain

25
Q

Describe the 3 stages of LTP induction?

A
  1. Action potential of the presynaptic. Causes calcium influx.
  2. This calcium stimulates vesicle binding to membrane. Causes neurotransmitter release.
  3. These neurotransmitters bind to postsynaptic receptor. Causes an AP in the postsynaptic cell
26
Q

Name the three types of glutamate receptor?

A
  1. AMPA
  2. NMDA
  3. mGlu
27
Q

Which glutamate receptor is cationic?

A

AMPA and NMDA.

28
Q

Which glutamate receptor is ionotropic?

A

mGlu

29
Q

Which receptor induces the majority of excitatory response in the brain?

A

AMPA

30
Q

Define coincidence detection?

A

If there is a synaptic connection between A and B cell. If you consistently stimulate A- there will be a change and the efficiency between the cells increase.

31
Q

What two conditions must be met for NMDAR-mediated response?

A
  1. Presynaptic activity to release glutamate.

2. A strong depolarisation to relieve the magnesium block of NMDAR

32
Q

What receptor does magnesium block?

A

NMDAR

33
Q

What receptor triggers LTP?

A

NMDA as it is highly permeable to calcium

34
Q

How are NMDARs activated by LFS?

A

Single stimulus evokes an EPSP mediated by glutamate acting on AMPARs.
GABAergic interneurones are also activated Leading to biphasic IPSP.
NMDAR contribute little

35
Q

What happens during a tetanic stimulus?

A

Neurons are maintained in a depolarisation state- removes mg block from NMDAR.
Glutamate promotes NMDAR opening.

36
Q

What receptors reduces gaba inhibition during hfs?

A

GABAB autoreceptors

37
Q

What happens when NMDAR is blocked?

A

Block LTP and spatial learning.

38
Q

SPM hypothesis?

A

Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity is induced at the appropriate synapses during memory formation.

39
Q

Name the 7 types of NMDA receptor?

A

GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B, GluN2C, GluN2D, GluN3A, GluN3B

40
Q

Name the 4 types of AMPA receptor?

A

GluA1, GluA2, GluA3, GluA4

41
Q

Name the 5 types of Kainate receptor?

A

GluK1, GluK2, GluK3, GluK4, GluK5

42
Q

Define synaptic plasticity bidirectional characteristic?

A

It can either be LTP (increase receptor number) or LTD (lower receptor number)

43
Q

NMDAR must contain one of what subunit?

A

NR1

44
Q

NMDAR must contain one or more what subunit?

A

NR2 subunit.

NR2A/B/C/D

45
Q

NMDAR does not require but can have what subunit?

A

NR3

46
Q

Which types of NR2 subunit is predominately in the hippocampus?

A

NR2A and NR2B

47
Q

Which subunit is highly expressed in early development?

A

NR2A

Synpatic Plasticity (3 decks)

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