Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL1013 > Synapses (chemical and electrical) > Flashcards

Synapses (chemical and electrical) Flashcards

1
Q

Give an example of what can occur when there is synaptic dysfunction in the body?

A

autism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where were electrical synapses first discovered?

A

In the cray fish nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What neurones did the cray fish have?

A

one for stimulation

2 for recording

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is there a big delay between the pre and post synaptic activity in the cray fish?

A

no there is little delay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tell me about the structure of an electrical synapse

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Whats more common in nervous systems, an electrical or chemical synapse?

A

chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The junctions in electrical synapses consist of what subunits?

What do these assemble to form?

A

consist of subunits called connexons

These assemble in hexameric complexes surrounding a central pore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the different types of connexons and the channel type associated with them?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

roughly, whats the size of the synaptic cleft in electrical synapses?

A

4 nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tell me about electrical synapse transmission properties?

A
  • little attenuation (amplitdude recorded is similar in the pre and post synaptic terminal)
  • delay is less than 0.1 ms- this is a fast transmission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do electrical synapses also permit?

give an example for this?

A

synchronisation of activity.

This occurs amongst populations of neurons to direct rhythmic and coordinated physiological functions

example; brainstem neurons and breathing hypothalamic neurons and hormone secretion has a synchronised output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Whats located in the retina which also provides fast signalling?

A

gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gap junctions also permit the movement of molecules. Give an example of a moleuce and its role within the body

A

Example: ATP, second messengers

ATP can also be used by the neuron to synthesise cAMP; cAMP can activate enzyme that target ion channels in the plasma membrane and alters their properties

Rectifying gap junctions only allow ions to move in one direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Can ion channels be Bi-directional ?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give an example of an ion channel that can’t be bi-directional?

A

Rectifying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Label the structure of the synaptic cleft

Roughly what size is this synaptic cleft?

A

This has a rough size of 20 nm

17
Q

What type of vesicles are small and large molecules transferred in?

A

small molecules in small clear vesicles

Large molecules in dense core vesicles

18
Q

Roughly what size are the small molecules found in small vesicles and give some examples ?

A

Mw is roughly 100

Examples: Ach, Glutamate, GABA, glycine

19
Q

What is the rough size of molecules in the large vesicles?

What are the molecules called

Give an example

A

Mw is roughly ≤ 1000

Example: Substance P

Called: Neuropeptides

20
Q

The corelease of both the small clear and dense vesicle neurotransmitters can occur in what?

A

The nociceptor

21
Q

signalling at the chemical synapse is dependent on what?

A

Calcium

22
Q

Tell me about the properties of chemical and electrical synapses

A
23
Q

What are the advantages of electrical synapses ?

A
  • No synaptic delay
  • Allows synchronisation of many cells quickly
  • Can transmit metabolic signals between cells
  • Enable repaid reflexive coordination

E.g. Escape response in crayfish

24
Q

Tell me the disadvantages of electrical synapses ?

A
  • In a neuronal circuit 2 classes of signal are required;
    1. Excitation
    2. Inhibition
  • At an electrical synapse a presynaptic depolarisation cannot be converted into a postsynaptic hyperpolarisation
  • At an electrical synapse the sign of the signal (pre and post) is always the same
25
Q

What are the disadvantages of chemical synapses ?

A
  • Slower time-course (ms delay)
  • Attenuation of signal
26
Q

What are the advantages of chemical synapses ?

A
  • The postsynaptic response following an excitatory signal at the presynaptic terminal can be either
    1. Excitatory (EPSP) ‘excitatory postsynaptic potential’

2. Inhibitory (IPSP) ‘inhibitory postsynaptic potential’

27
Q

What does the overall charge of the neuron depend on?

A

Whether an excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitter is released presynaptic

28
Q

Give an example of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the cerebellum ?

A
29
Q

At chemical synapses, can the sign of the pre and post synaptic sites be different?

A

yes, the sign can change depending on what neurotransmitter is released

30
Q

This shows how different summations in the neuron can occur

A

BIOL1013 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions