synapses Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a synapse

A

junction between two neurons that transmit an impulse chemically via neurotransmitters

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2
Q

when the action potential reaches the pre synaptic neuron what does it cause

A

voltage gated calcium ion channels to open

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3
Q

when calcium ion channels open, where do they move to

A

calcium ions diffuse into the pre synaptic neuron down their electrochemical gradient

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4
Q

what do the calcium ion channels opening trigger

A

causes synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitter to move and fuse with pre synaptic membrane via exocytosis and diffuses across to post synaptic membrane

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5
Q

what neurotransmitter is commonly used in synapse communication

A

acetyl choline

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6
Q

what does ACH do when it has been released

A

binds to a receptor on post synaptic membrane which causes sodium ion channels to open

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7
Q

why do sodium ion channels open when a neurotransmitter binds with a receptor

A

to trigger a new action potential

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8
Q

what is summation

A

the idea that a new action potential is only triggered if neurotransmitters have built up to the threshold level

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9
Q

what is spatial summation

A

MULTIPLE pre synaptic neurons release neurotransmitter to trigger a new action potential in ONE post synaptic membrane due to high neural input

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10
Q

what is temporal summation

A

high frequency of action potentials reaches ONE pre synaptic neuron causing high concentrations of neurotransmitter to trigger an action potential

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