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Symptoms of respiratory system > Symptoms of respiratory system > Flashcards

Symptoms of respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

Acute Dyspnea

A
  1. Bronchial Obstruction
  2. Larynx Obstruction
  3. Asthma
  4. Spontaneous pneumothorax
  5. Acute pulmonary embolism ( ventilation / perfusion mismatch )
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2
Q

Chronic Dyspnea

A
  1. COPD
  2. Pure emphysema
  3. Extensive pulmonary fibrosis
  4. Agonic status
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3
Q

Physchogenic Dyspnea

A

Deep respiratory effort at variable intervals

no objective diagnosis features

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4
Q

Changes in respiratory cycle

A
  1. Chake stones respiration
  2. Sleep apnea syndrome
  3. Kussmaul respiration
  4. Biot respiration
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5
Q

Cheyne - Stokes respiration

A

altering periods of acceleration and deceleration with apnea periods of variable duration ( 15-60 sec)
tachypnea = anxious
apnea = somnolent
when apnea is longer = seizures

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6
Q

Cheyne - Stokes respiration is due to

A

depression of the exitability in respiratory centers
- sign of CNS depression in :
> left ventricular failure with low output
> brain hemorrhages , brain tumors
>morphin use
> normal subjects at high altitude

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7
Q

Sleep apnea syndrome ( SAS )

A
  • caused by soft tissue collapse in pharynx
  • Normal ventilation altering with periods of apnea , during sleep
  • Associated with COPD ,obesity , hypertension
  • patient feels -> sleepy + dizzy
  • snorring
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8
Q

Kussmaul respiration

A

cycles of high amplitude respiratory movements , separated by short pauses
- Appear in METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

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9
Q

Biot respiration

A

periods of apnea + normal respiration or hyperpnea

  • brain tumors
  • meningitis
  • agonic status
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10
Q

Cough and sputum ( what is it ?)

A

its a reflex that either blocks foreign body penetration into the airways / expels mucus / pus accumulation in the bronchial tree

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11
Q

Cough and sputum - excitation

A

comes from special receptors who’s stimulation provokes deep inspiration - > glotic shut down -> sudden + strong expiration

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12
Q

Dry cough

A
  • no expectoration

- acute inflammatory airway conditions , airway compression

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13
Q

wet cough

A
  • expectoration

- acute / chronic conditions

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14
Q

Aphonic cough

A
  • laryngeal conditions

- laryngeal cancer

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15
Q

Barking cough

A
  • tracheobronchial compression
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16
Q

Bitonal cough

A
  • left vocal cord paralysis , due to left recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • lymph nodes in mediastinum , aneurysm , tumor
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17
Q

Cavernous cough

A
  • metallic sound , in caverns - 6 cm with free drainage bronchi
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18
Q

Convulsive cough

A
  • in paroxysmal crisis
  • starts with a deep breath -> short and rapid cough -> air is evacuated from lungs
  • at the end of crisis inspiration is deep and associated with wheezing due to glotic spasm
  • patient becomes cyanotic and vomits
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19
Q

cough with emesis

A
  • appear in tuberculosis

- appear in esophageal - bronchial fistulae

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20
Q

Irritation cough

A

appear in acute + chronic lung diseases

chronic bronchitis in smokers

21
Q

Morning cough

A

due to secretion evacuation in chronic bronchitis + bronchiectasis

22
Q

Evening cough

A
  • concomitant

- with fever increase in the evening in tuberculosis

23
Q

Effort cough

A

appear in pulmonary and cardiac diseases

24
Q

Continuous cough

A

pulmonary tuberculosis - laryngitis, tracheobroncial compression

25
Q

Position cough

A

determined by position changes in pleural effusions , lung abcesses ,bronchiestasis

26
Q

Cough in massive pleural effusion drainage

A

can appear when the visceral pleura makes contact with the needle -> cardioinhibitory reflex

27
Q

Mucous sputum

A

transparent

28
Q

Serous sputum

A

white colour

29
Q

Purulent sputum

A

creamy , yellow - green colour

30
Q

Blood sputum

A

hemoptysis

31
Q

combination sputum

A

seromucous sputum , mucopurulent sputum , mucous - bloody sputum

32
Q

Rusty sputum

A

Mucofibrinous , aerated , viscous - pneumococcus pneumonia

33
Q

Pearled sputum

A

at the end of asthma crisis

34
Q

Pseudomembranous sputum

A

high amount of mucus and fibrin , appearaance of bronchial tree cast

35
Q

Vomica

A 
= sudden elimination after cough effort of a clloection which has penetrated the airways
- can be :
> pus
> serous , liquid 
> blood
36
Q

Vomica appear from

A
  • pulmonary parenchyma : abcess , hidatidosis
  • pleural cavity
  • Mediastinum : mediastinitis
  • Abdominal : underdiphragmatic abcess
    The evacuation can be associated with intense , tearing chest pain , dyspnea , anxiety
37
Q

Vomica quantiny + differential diagnosis

A 
large : 1-2 lt
Medium : 250 -300 ml 
Differential Dg : 
- vomiting 
- pseudovomica > smaller quantity
38
Q

Hemoptysis definition

A

evacuation of fresh , bright - red , aereated blood after cough , from tracheobronchial tree / pulmonary tissue

39
Q

Hemoptysis : what does the patient feel ?

A
  • Retrosternal heatsensation appears before the onset of hemoptysis
  • Sometimes the patient has a special metallic taste,
  • he is anxious, pale and dyspneic
40
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Small hemoptysis = <100ml
· Medium hemoptysis = 100-500ml
· Large hemoptysis = >500ml
· Fractioned = hour or days, small amounts of blood
- In sudden, massive hemoptysis —> death by asphyxiation; patient shouldn’t be moved
- At the end of bleeding, the expectoration becomes black in colour

41
Q

Hemoptysis Differential Diagnosis

A

blood from the oral cavity, pharynx, epistaxis

42
Q

Hemoptysis - causes : 1,2,3,4

A
  1. Pulmonary Tuberculosis
    - from the onset of the disease - 1st sign
    or in evolution it can be massive
  2. Chronic bronchitis + bronchiectasis : small hemoptysis
  3. Acute bronchitis : very rare , due to bronchial mucosa hiperemia - viral etiology / irritant gases
  4. Bronchiopulmonary cancer
43
Q

Hemoptysis - causes : 5,6,7,8

A
  1. Cardiac causes : mitral stenosis , LV failure ( rare ) , pulmonary embolism with infarction , ruptured aortic aneurysm ( very rare )
  2. Thoracic trauma
  3. Hematologic bleeding disorders
  4. Endometriosis = diesease in which tissue that normally grows inside the uterus grows outside it
44
Q

Chest pain cause : 1-7

A
  1. Pulmonary disease
  2. Cardiac disease
  3. Vascular disease
  4. GI disease ( esophagus )
  5. Spine disease
  6. Irradiation pain from abdominal aria ( acute cholecystitis )
  7. Chest wall
45
Q

Chest pain in pulmonary disorders : Stitch

A
  • similar to point knfe hit
  • acute , high intensity
  • accentuated with respiration , cough
  • due to irritation of nerve endings in the parietal pleura
  • appears in various respiratory conditions
46
Q

Lobar pneumonia

A

= under the nipple, pathognomonic if its accompanied by shivering & temperature raise

47
Q

Pneumothorax

A

At the nipple or subscapular

48
Q

Pulmonary embolism with pulmonary infarction

A

= blood streaked sputum

49
Q

Purulent pleural effusions

A

= skin hyperestesia

Symptoms of respiratory system (8 decks)

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