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Medical Terms Chapter 6 > Symptomatic and Diagnostic Terms > Flashcards

Symptomatic and Diagnostic Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

arthralgia

A

joint pain

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2
Q

atrophy

A

tissue and muscle shrinking

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3
Q

crepitation/ crepitus

A

grating sound made by movement of some joints or broken bones

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4
Q

exostosis

A

a projection arising from a bone that develops from cartilage

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5
Q

flaccid

A

flabby, relaxed, or having defective or absent muscle tone

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6
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in the size of tissue such as muscle

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7
Q

hypotonia

A

reduced muscle tone or tension

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8
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

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9
Q

myodynia

A

muscle pain

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10
Q

ostealgia

A

bone pain

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11
Q

osteodynia

A

bone pain

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12
Q

rigor or rigidity

A

stiffness; stiff muscle

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13
Q

spasm

A

drawing in; involuntary contraction of muscle

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14
Q

spastic

A

uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles causing stiff and awkward movements

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15
Q

tetany

A

tension; prolonged, continuous muscle contraction

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16
Q

tremor

A

shaking; rhythmic muscular movement

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17
Q

ankylosis

A

stiff joint condition

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18
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of the joints characterized by pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and limitation of motion– there are more than 100 different types of arthritis

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19
Q

osteoarthritis (OA), degenerative arthritis, degenerative joint disease (DJD)

A

rheumatoid arthritis most common form of arthritis that especially affects weight-bearing joints (knee or hip); characterized by the erosion of articular cartilage

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20
Q

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

most crippling form of arthritis characterized by a chronic, systemic inflammation most often affecting joints and synovial membranes (especially of hands and feet) causing ankylosis (stiff joints) and deformity

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21
Q

gouty arthritis

A

acute attacks of arthritis usually in a single joint (especially the great toe) caused by hyperuricemia (excessive uric acid in blood)

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22
Q

bony necrosis, sequestrum

A

dead bone tissue from loss of blood supply such as can occur after a fracture

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23
Q

bunion

A

swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe caused by inflammation of the bursa

24
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

25
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

condition that results from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel at the wrist, characterized by pain, numbness, and tingling in the wrist and fingers and weak grip; commonly seen as a result of cumulative trauma of surrounding tendons

26
Q

chondromalacia

A

softening of cartilage

27
Q

epiphysitis

A

inflammation of epiphyseal regions of the long bone

28
Q

fracture (Fx)

A

a broken or cracked bone

29
Q

closed fracture

A

broken bone with no open wound

30
Q

open fracture

A

compound fracture; a broken bone with an open wound

31
Q

simple fracture

A

a nondisplaced fracture involving one fracture like that does not require extensive treatment to repair (hairline, stress, or crack)

32
Q

complex fracture

A

a displaced fracture that requires manipulation or surgery to repair

33
Q

comminuted fracture

A

broken in many little pieces

34
Q

greenstick fracture

A

bending and incomplete break of a bone– most often seen in children

35
Q

herniated disk

A

protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root

36
Q

myeloma

A

bone marrow tumor

37
Q

myositis

A

inflammation of muscle

38
Q

myoma

A

muscle tumor

39
Q

leiomyoma

A

smooth muscle tumor

40
Q

leiomyosarcoma

A

malignant smooth muscle tumor

41
Q

rhabdomyoma

A

skeletal muscle tumor

42
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma

A

malignant skeletal muscle tumor

43
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

a category of genetically transmitted diseases characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles (Duchenne’s is most common)

44
Q

osteoma

A

bone tumor

45
Q

osteosarcoma

A

malignant bone tumor

46
Q

osteomalacia

A

disease marked by softening of the bone from calcium and vitamin D deficiency

47
Q

rickets

A

osteomalacia in children causing bone deformity

48
Q

osteomyelitis

A

infection of bone and bone marrow causing inflammation

49
Q

osteoporosis

A

condition of decreased bone density and increased porosity, causing bones to become brittle and liable to fracture (porosis = passage)

50
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback condition)

51
Q

lordosis

A

abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition)

52
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (S-shaped curve)

53
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra

54
Q

spondylosis

A

stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae due to joint degeneration

55
Q

sprain

A

injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma but without joint dislocation or fracture

56
Q

subluxation

A

a partial dislocation

57
Q

tendinitis, tendonitis

A

inflammation of a tendon

Medical Terms Chapter 6 (6 decks)

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