Symposium - Dislocation Flashcards
What is a dislocation?
Dislocation = complete loss of contact between two joint surfaces
What is a subluxation?
Subluxation = partial dislocation, ie, not fully out of joint
Describe the aetiology for dislocation?
- Fall or accident
What are some common dislocations?
What direction is the dislocation for the following usually in:
- shoulder
- elbow
- hip
- knee
- ankle
- subtalar
What deformity is usually seen in the following dislocations:
- shoulder
- elbow
- hip
- knee
- ankle
- subtalar joint
Describe the presentation of dislocation?
- Pain
- Inability to move joint
- Soft tissue injuries
- Deformity
How is dislocation diagnosed?
- Radiological
- Difficult to tell if fracture or dislocation from clinic
- X-ray
Describe the management of dislocation?
- Emergency treatment
- Surgery
- Treat neurovascular damage
Describe possible complications of dislocation?
- Recurrent instability or stiffness
What direction of shoulder dislocation is most common?
- Anterior (most common)
- Posterior
Describe the aetiology of an anterior shoulder dislocation?
- Falling on outstretched arm
Describe the aetiology of a posterior shoulder dislocation?
- Seizure
- Electrocution
What investigations should be done for should dislocation?
- X-ray
- 2 views 90 degrees to each other, posterior dislocation easily missed otherwise
Describe the aetiology of elbow dislocation?
- Falling on outstretched arm
Describe possible complications of elbow dislocation?
- Damage to ulnar nerve (most common)
- Also radial and medial nerve
Which nerve is most commonly damaged in elbow dislocation?
Ulnar nerve
Describe aetiology of hip dislocation?
- Falls from height
- RTA
- Total joint replacement
Describe aetiology of knee dislocation?
- Direct blow to knee
Discribe management of knee dislocation?
- Fixation or splint, reduction not useful
- Early surgery
Describe complications of knee dislocation?
- Grossly unstable due to taking out ligaments when dislocated, reduction not effective
Describe complications of ankle dislocation?
- Necrosis of skin due to being stretched
- Secondary infection
- Stiffness of joints
- Secondary osteoarthritis
