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Music Lit > Symphony NO 41 - Jupiter > Flashcards

Symphony NO 41 - Jupiter Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the enlightenment?

A
  • Late 17th and 18th century movement
  • Believed that knowledge and reason, rather than tradition, custom or supersition should be the basis for human conduct
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2
Q

What was the enlightenment fueled by?

A
  • Scientific advances
  • Extreme inequality between the common man and the priveledged classes
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3
Q

How did the enlightenment help modern society?

A
  • Placed a new emphasis on equality and human rights
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4
Q

How did the enlightenment help composers?

A
  • Joseph II opened some areas that were priveleged only to the public
  • Allowed more venues for music culture to flourish
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5
Q

How did the enlightenment help the middle class?

A
  • Led the middle class to a new position of economic and political power and influence
  • Could now learn instruments
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6
Q

Classical Features - Melody

A
  • Balanced 2 or 4 bar phrases
  • Mainly scalic/triadic movement
  • Identifiable themes
  • Contrasting themes
  • Some ornaments
  • Appogiatura is emphasised for effects
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7
Q

Giovanni Sammartini Contribution to the genre

A
  • Introduced elements of sonata into the first movement
  • Pioneer in the history of the independent concert history
  • Background to entertainment
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8
Q

Classical Features - Rhythm

A
  • Clear beat
  • Mainly simple rhythms
  • Some syncopation
  • Varied rhythmic texture
  • More flexibility with pauses and rits etc
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9
Q

Classical Features - Harmony

A
  • Simple harmonies
  • Functional harmonic progressions
  • Slow harmonic rhythm
  • Modulation to closely related keys
  • Clear cadence points
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10
Q

Classical Features - Texture

A
  • Mainly homophonic/some monophonic
  • Some polyphony in bridge passages and developments
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11
Q

Classical Features - Form

A
  • Clarity of form - clear sectional divisions
  • Sections follow traditional key relationships in sonata form
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12
Q

Classical Features - Timbre

A
  • Strings are dominant
  • Woodwind solos
  • Horns, trumpets and timpani have simple supportive parts
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13
Q

Classical Features - Dynamics

A
  • Written on the score
  • Cresc and Decresc
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14
Q

Pergolesi name of piece

A

Overture to L’olimpiade

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15
Q

Pergolesi Instrumentation

A

Trumpets, oboes, horns and strings
Violas double the continuo

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16
Q

Pergolesi form

A
  • Opera Overture
  • Fast-Slow-Fast - Attaca
  • Binary form
17
Q

Date of Pergolesi

A

1735

18
Q

Giovanni Sammartini name of piece

A

Sinfonia No. 39 in G major

19
Q

Giovanni Sammartini Instrumentation

A

String

20
Q

Giovanni Sammartini Form

A
  • Three Movements
  • First movement in extended binary
21
Q

Johann Stamitz name of piece

A

Sinfonia in D major Op 3 No 2

22
Q

Johann Stamitz instrumentation

A

Double horns and oboes
Virtuosic writing across the whole orchestral ensemble
Woodwind start having melodies, but horns and timpani play harmonies

23
Q

Johann Stamitz Form

A
  • Four movements - F-S-M&T-F
  • Greater contrast between the two subjects in sonata form - Lyrical theme
24
Q

Johann Stamitz Contribution

A
  • Vastly expanded the size of the court orchestra
  • Use of wind section as soloist
  • Introduced the minuet as fourth movement
  • Continued the development of sonata form
  • No longer composed as an opera overture
25
Q

Joseph Haydn Name of piece

A

Symphony no 6 in D maj

26
Q

Joseph Haydn Instrumentation

A
  • Double winds, horns and strings
  • Soloistic writing
  • Important role for winds
27
Q

Joseph Haydn Form

A
  • Four movements - Fast (with short intro)-Slow-minuet-fast
  • Movement 1 - rudimentary sonata form
28
Q

Joseph Haydn Contribution to the genre

A
  • Transformed the symphony from an overture into sophisticated genre of concert music
  • Performed at public concerts
29
Q

What is the tonic of Jupiter?

A

C major

30
Q

What is the dominant of Jupiter?

A

Gmajor

31
Q

How do the harmonies change in Jupiter?

A
  • Slow harmonic rhythm
32
Q

Outline Sonata form

A
  • Exposition
  • Development
  • Recapitulation
33
Q

Outline what happens in the Exposition

A
  • 1st subject -> bridge (counter) -> 2nd subject -> Codetta
34
Q

Outline what happens in the development

A
  • Playing around with the themes and tossing them through keys
  • Fake Recap
35
Q

Outline what happens in the recapitulation

A
  • 1st subject ->Modified bridge (tonic minor this time) ->2nd subject (in tonic this time) ->Closing section
36
Q

Outline Minuet and Trio Form

A

//:a://ba’//:c://:dc’://a://ba
A B A

37
Q

Classical Features - Melody

A
  • Balanced 2 or 4 bar phrases
  • Mainly scalic/triadic movement
  • Identifiable themes
  • Contrasting themes
  • Some ornaments
  • Appogiatura is emphasised for effects

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